When1: 188
When2: 479
Who: Judah haNasi or Judah ha-Nasi/Rav Muna [Muna, Rav]/Rav Yossi [Yossi, Rav]/Rav Ashi [Ashi, Rav]/Ravina I/Ravina II or Rabina or Abina
What: writer
Where: Babylon/Palestine
works\ Talmud or Shas [188 to 479]
Detail: Talmud or Shas is Mishnah with Gemara.
Mishnah or Repetition has Hebrew texts from rabbis and records Jewish oral law [200]. Judah haNasi or Judah the Prince or Rabbi compiled it in Aramaic. It does not cite written law.
Gemara records comments on Mishnah by Palestine and Babylon rabbis [200 to 500]. Rabbis compared written and oral law.
Yerushalmi Gemaras differ from Bavli Gemaras, so there is Jerusalem Talmud (Palestinian Talmud) and Babylonian Talmud. Rav Muna and Rav Yossi wrote Yerushalmi Gemara in Israel [350]. P'nei Moshe and Korban ha-Eidah are comments.
Rav Ashi and Ravina wrote the Babylonian Talmud [250 to 550] in Babylon [550].
Savoraim or Rabbanan Savoraei were post-Talmudic rabbis, who worked for next 250 years, making final version [700]. Rashi or Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac [1040 to 1105] commented. Tosafot, Additions, or Supplements are additional comments compiled by French and German rabbis. Talmud also has analyses by Maharshal or Solomon Luria, Maharam or Meir Lublin, and Maharsha or Samuel Edels. The Rosh by Asher ben Jehiel and The Rif by Isaac Alfasi are legal commentaries in Talmud.
Additions to Mosaic Law resulted from scripture searches {midrash, search} for meaning, using four methods {Talmud, method}. One is for simple meaning {peshat, meaning}. One is for hidden meaning {remes, meaning}, of seemingly unmeaningful words. One is for the homily, prophecy, and sermon meaning {derush}. One is for metaphysical meanings, theosophy, and religious mysteries {sod, meaning}.
Midrash is about Hebrew-Bible legal and non-legal texts, using peshat or direct meaning, remez or hint, derash or exegesis, and sod or mystic. Tannaitic texts are the following. Mekhilta de Rabbi Ishmael is about Exodus [300 to 500]. Mekhilta de Rabbi Simeon ben Yohai is about Exodus [300 to 400]. Sifra is about Leviticus and is by Rabbi Akiva [250]. Sifre is about Numbers and Deuteronomy and is by Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Ishmael [250]. Sifre Zutta or Small Sifre is about Numbers [300 to 330]. Talmudic texts are the following. Midrash Qohelet is about Ecclesiastes [800 to 850]. Midrash Esther is about Esther [940]. Pesiqta is about Pentateuchal and Prophetic lessons [700 to 750]. Pirqe Rabbi Eliezer is about events in Pentateuch [700 to 800]. Tanchuma or Yelammedenu is about Pentateuch [800 to 900]. Midrash Shemuel is about Books of Kings. Midrash Tehillim is about Psalms. Midrash Mishle is about Proverbs. Yalqut Shimeoni is about scripture. Seder Olam Rabbah or Seder Olam is by Rabbi Yose ben Halafta and goes from universe creation to Jerusalem Second-Temple construction. Yalkut Shimoni is collection about scriptures by Shimon ha-Darshan [1200 to 1300]. Tanna Devei Eliyahu is about commandments and prayer and includes Seder Eliyahu Rabbah and Seder Eliyahu Zuta. Midrash Rabbah has Rabboth or Great Commentaries about the Bible, Bereshith Rabba or Genesis Rabbah [500 to 600], Shemot Rabba or Exodus Rabbah [1000 to 1200], Vayyiqra Rabba, Leviticus Rabba [650], Bamidbar Rabba or Numbers Rabba [1100 to 1200], Devarim Rabba or Deuteronomy Rabba [900 to 1000], Shir Hashirim Rabba or Song of Songs Rabbah [800 to 850], Ruth Rabba [800 to 850], and Eicha Rabba or Lamentations Rabbah [600 to 700].
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Date Modified: 2022.0224