He lived -1392 to -1272, stated Mosaic Law, and codified criminal law. The Bible tells that he received the Ten Commandments and that he was Hebrew leader before Joshua.
Hebrew Bible has Torah, Nevi'im, and Ketuvim. The Nevi'im Prophets are Joshua, Judges, First Samuel, Second Samuel, First Kings, Second Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekial. The Twelve Minor Prophets are Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. Ketuvim or Writings {Hagiographa} are Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Song of Solomon, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles.
The Hebrew-Bible first five books are the Five Books of Moses, Pentateuch, Hamisha Humshei Torah, Humash, or Chumash. A scroll with the five books is a Sefer Torah. Torah books are Bereishit or Genesis, Shemot or Exodus, Vayikra or Leviticus, Bemidbar or Numbers, and Devarim or Deuteronomy. Bereishit has creation story. Shemot has flight from Egypt. Devarim has Moses' speeches. Torah can mean all written and oral law, including Tanakh, Mishnah, Talmud, and midrashic literature.
Priests held councils {sanhedrin}. A Sanhedrin condemned Jesus to death for blasphemy [29]. Tribes held councils {Great Sanhedrin}.
He lived 50 to 135, wrote about meditation and mysticism, was a Mishnah scholar {Tannaim}, and was main oral source for Mishnah and midrash halakha. He visualized God's bright robe {chalub}. He linked traditional practices to biblical texts. God foresees everything, but people have free choice, though God knows the choice.
He led rebellion against Rome [132 to 135].
He lived 135 to 217, codified Mishnah or Oral Tradition, and was Sanhedrin president.
Talmud or Shas is Mishnah with Gemara.
Mishnah or Repetition has Hebrew texts from rabbis and records Jewish oral law [200]. Judah haNasi or Judah the Prince or Rabbi compiled it in Aramaic. It does not cite written law.
Gemara records comments on Mishnah by Palestine and Babylon rabbis [200 to 500]. Rabbis compared written and oral law.
Yerushalmi Gemaras differ from Bavli Gemaras, so there is Jerusalem Talmud (Palestinian Talmud) and Babylonian Talmud. Rav Muna and Rav Yossi wrote Yerushalmi Gemara in Israel [350]. P'nei Moshe and Korban ha-Eidah are comments.
Rav Ashi and Ravina wrote the Babylonian Talmud [250 to 550] in Babylon [550].
Savoraim or Rabbanan Savoraei were post-Talmudic rabbis, who worked for next 250 years, making final version [700]. Rashi or Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac [1040 to 1105] commented. Tosafot, Additions, or Supplements are additional comments compiled by French and German rabbis. Talmud also has analyses by Maharshal or Solomon Luria, Maharam or Meir Lublin, and Maharsha or Samuel Edels. The Rosh by Asher ben Jehiel and The Rif by Isaac Alfasi are legal commentaries in Talmud.
Additions to Mosaic Law resulted from scripture searches {midrash, search} for meaning, using four methods {Talmud, method}. One is for simple meaning {peshat, meaning}. One is for hidden meaning {remes, meaning}, of seemingly unmeaningful words. One is for the homily, prophecy, and sermon meaning {derush}. One is for metaphysical meanings, theosophy, and religious mysteries {sod, meaning}.
Midrash is about Hebrew-Bible legal and non-legal texts, using peshat or direct meaning, remez or hint, derash or exegesis, and sod or mystic. Tannaitic texts are the following. Mekhilta de Rabbi Ishmael is about Exodus [300 to 500]. Mekhilta de Rabbi Simeon ben Yohai is about Exodus [300 to 400]. Sifra is about Leviticus and is by Rabbi Akiva [250]. Sifre is about Numbers and Deuteronomy and is by Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Ishmael [250]. Sifre Zutta or Small Sifre is about Numbers [300 to 330]. Talmudic texts are the following. Midrash Qohelet is about Ecclesiastes [800 to 850]. Midrash Esther is about Esther [940]. Pesiqta is about Pentateuchal and Prophetic lessons [700 to 750]. Pirqe Rabbi Eliezer is about events in Pentateuch [700 to 800]. Tanchuma or Yelammedenu is about Pentateuch [800 to 900]. Midrash Shemuel is about Books of Kings. Midrash Tehillim is about Psalms. Midrash Mishle is about Proverbs. Yalqut Shimeoni is about scripture. Seder Olam Rabbah or Seder Olam is by Rabbi Yose ben Halafta and goes from universe creation to Jerusalem Second-Temple construction. Yalkut Shimoni is collection about scriptures by Shimon ha-Darshan [1200 to 1300]. Tanna Devei Eliyahu is about commandments and prayer and includes Seder Eliyahu Rabbah and Seder Eliyahu Zuta. Midrash Rabbah has Rabboth or Great Commentaries about the Bible, Bereshith Rabba or Genesis Rabbah [500 to 600], Shemot Rabba or Exodus Rabbah [1000 to 1200], Vayyiqra Rabba, Leviticus Rabba [650], Bamidbar Rabba or Numbers Rabba [1100 to 1200], Devarim Rabba or Deuteronomy Rabba [900 to 1000], Shir Hashirim Rabba or Song of Songs Rabbah [800 to 850], Ruth Rabba [800 to 850], and Eicha Rabba or Lamentations Rabbah [600 to 700].
They were Jewish rabbis {rav} {rab} and judged cases.
He lived 352 to 427, led academy at Sura, and started compiling the Gemara of Babylonian Talmud.
He lived ? to 421 and helped compile the Gemara of the Babylonian Talmud.
He lived ? to 499, led academy at Sura, and finished compiling the Gemara of the Babylonian Talmud.
He lived ? to 525 and finished compiling the Babylonian Talmud (Talmud Bavli).
Hebrew scholars and rabbis {Masoretes} {Masorets} in Tiberias compiled Hebrew-Bible critical notes. Karaite ben Asher family preserves Masoretic Text. Masoretes invented the current Hebrew vowel-notation system.
He lived 882 to 942, led Talmudic Academy, was systematic, and studied language. God knows all but does not force or cause people's actions.
He lived 939 to 1038, expanded Akiva's work, and explored higher consciousness.
He was pietist.
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He lived 1240 to 1305 and was Jewish mystic.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225