When1: 1952
When2: 1981
Who: Richard M. Hare [Hare, Richard M.]
What: philosopher
Where: England
works\ Language of Morals [1952]; Freedom and Reason [1963]; Moral Thinking [1981]
Detail: He lived 1919 to 2002 and developed phrastic and neustic meanings [Hare, 1963]. Objective judgments about individuals should apply to all similar instances {universalizability}, but subjective judgments about individuals cannot so apply.
Ethics
Reasoning about morals can make consistent morals. Morals are commands to do or not do something {prescriptivism, Hare}. Morals are not truths {descriptivism, Hare} or emotions {emotivism, Hare}. Morals are not relative or based on situations but are universal. Morals associate with emotions. However, some moral situations involve little emotion or ambiguous emotions.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224