Cars {automobile}| have many parts and functions, especially from engine to wheels {drive train}.
fuel
A pump {fuel pump} maintains pressure in fuel line. Filters {fuel filter} keep fuel free of dirt and water.
air
Pressing down gas pedal opens fuel line and turns disc in airway {throttle}, to bring air through air filter. Fuel and air mix in a carburetor. Gasoline-air mixture goes through tubes {intake manifold} and valves {intake valve} into engine cylinders.
cylinder
Inside cylinder, a moveable steel cap {piston}, on a piston rod, uses steel rings {piston ring} to touch cylinder sides. Connecting rod attaches to offset rod crankshaft, located in oil-filled container {crankcase} at engine bottom.
cycle
When piston goes down, it sucks fuel-air mixture in. Intake valve closes. Then piston goes up to compress mixture. Original-volume to compressed-volume ratio {compression ratio} is between 6:1 and 10:1. At maximum compression, electric spark crosses arc {spark plug}, timed by electrical-current director {distributor, engine} that uses a capacitor to gain high voltage. Mixture explodes, forcing piston down. If mixture ignites before spark, you hear sound {pinging} {knocking, engine}. When piston moves up, valve {exhaust valve} opens.
cam
Crankshaft connects using rods {connecting rod} to shaft {camshaft} which times valve opening and closing. Cylinders cycle 300 times a minute.
exhaust
Exhaust goes into a pipe system {exhaust manifold, car} and then to a noise-reducing device {muffler} containing baffles.
cooling
A belt {fan belt} connected to engine crankshaft rotates fan. Fan pulls air through radiator tube system containing engine water, to cool water. Water circulates through engine and radiator using a pump {water pump}, which turns by a belt connected to crankshaft.
transmission
A heavy wheel {flywheel, car} connects to crankshaft at other end, to maintain smooth rotation. Flywheel connects to a plate. Plate can attach to another plate, attached to gears, in a clutch that allows engine to turn wheels or idle freely. Transmission allows gears to shift and attaches to connections to wheels.
differential
A steel rod {drive shaft} from transmission goes to power wheels. Drive shaft enters universal joint, which can rotate around three axes, allowing wheels to bounce, twist, and tilt. Universal joint attaches to differential to allow wheels to turn at different speeds while going around corners. Differential attaches to a part {axle} that attaches to wheels.
starter
Automobiles need an electric motor {starter} to start pistons moving.
oil pump
Automobiles need an oil pump to circulate and filter oil.
generator
Automobiles need an electric generator to charge battery that powers starter.
taxi {cab}.
two doors {coupe}.
Model T ford {flivver}.
taxi {hack, taxi} {hackney}.
Car roofs {hardtop} can have four supports, with no support between doors.
coffin carrier {hearse}.
small taxi {jitney}.
sports car {roadster}.
sporty car {runabout}.
Car roofs can have six supports, with supports between doors {sedan}.
large open car {touring car}.
large enclosed car {town car}.
Tires {balloon tire}| can have pressurized air inside, rather than being solid rubber.
structural frame {chassis}.
Vehicles can have covers {fender}| over tires. Cushions can separate boats, or boats and piers.
Vehicles can have a step {footboard}| at door bottom.
Meshwork {grille} is on body in front of radiator.
folding back seat {jump seat}.
Body panels can form a frame {unitized construction} {monocoque}.
Folding seats {rumble seat} can be on backs of two-seater cars.
Boards {running board} can be on sides below doors.
Passenger car {sidecar} can attach to motorcycles.
Vehicle top backs can have wings {spoiler}|, to hold down back at speeds above 150 km/hr.
under-body structural frame {undercarriage}.
Thick wax-like materials {undercoating}, applied under car, can prevent rust.
distance from axle to axle {wheelbase}.
7-Machine-Transportation-Vehicle
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Date Modified: 2022.0225