Color printers {printing in color}| use systems.
RGB
RGB {red-green-blue} (RGB) adds red, green, and blue to make most colors. Color brightness range is 0 to 256. For example, fluorescent phosphors can emit light, or lights can glow. Though RGB can make 16 million colors, a set {Browser Safe set} of 216 RGB color combinations is for browsers.
CYMK
Color processes {cyan-yellow-magenta-black} (CYMK) {cyan-magenta-yellow-black} (CMYK) can use cyan, yellow, magenta, and black absorption, plus paper white, to display colors. For example, inkjet printers squirt cyan, yellow, and magenta or cyan, yellow, magenta, and black. CYMK allows one million colors, but it cannot make light, bold, or bright colors and cannot make some greens and blues.
Publications published at regular intervals have typical numbers of readers {circulation, publishing}.
Plates or originals {edition} can be for printing.
Machines {postage meter}| can imprint postage on envelopes.
Machines {press}| can squeeze two plates together, typically for printing.
Symbols {thirty} can mark article ends.
Designs {watermark} can be in wet paper.
Works have page-numbering method {pagination}|, such as starting chapters at page 1 and preceding page number with chapter name or number followed by hyphen.
Published-work titles {running title} can appear on all pages or alternating pages.
Photo-prints {blueprint}|, using blue ink, can show building or project designs.
Publishers send all proposed pages {galley proof}| to authors for a final review.
Publishers can make proposed sheets {proof, printing}.
Paper sheets can be in groups {sheaf, paper}|.
To make books {bookbinding}|, a machine folds 16, 32, or 64 consecutive pages like theater programs, with untrimmed outer edges {signature, book}. Machines sew signature stack through fold center, and then press pages flat and trim them to make books. Machines glue cheesecloth to fold side to make edge {spine, book}. Machines glue extended cheesecloth edges to cover boards. Machines glue outer papers of outer signatures to other cheesecloth side.
For paperback books, machines can trim stacked and pressed signatures on all sides, apply cheesecloth to edge using special penetrating glue, and glue cover onto spine {perfect binding} {paperback book}|.
Printing methods {aquatint}| can make color tones from etching.
Actinic light can etch gelatin plates [1870 to 1914] {collotype}|.
Machines {letterpress}| can place raised letters {type, printing} in a racks, ink rack, and press paper onto type. This is oldest printing type.
Machines {linotype}| can typeset.
letter
Linotypes have keyboards similar to typewriter keyboards. When people type a letter, a metal column {mat, linotype} {matrix, linotype}, with letter recessed on top, slides into a slot. When people type a line, linotype fills spaces between letters with spacers, so lines {justified line} have set length.
line
Type lines are templates for hot liquid solder. Cooled solder hardens into lines of raised letters. Mats return to linotype for reuse.
page
A person {compositor} places raised-letter lines on a flat surface {stone, printing} in a metal frame {chase, printing}. Person tightens frame {locked up, printing}, to make one page.
inking
A person {pressman} lays chase on a printing press. Rubber rollers roll over ink and onto chase, which takes ink.
printing
Paper, clamped on a drum, rolls as chase slides under drum.
drying
Ink dries by heat or spray.
Photograph negatives on zinc or copper sheets {lithographic plate} can have coatings {lithography}| {offset printing}. Arc light exposes plate. Printed areas are greasy, and unprinted are dry. Plate clamps to drum, roller wets plate, and another roller inks plate. Ink only sticks to greasy areas. A rubber plate {blanket} rolls over metal plate to receive ink. Rubber plate is like chase in printing presses. A cylinder holds image.
Wet paint on glass, Plexiglas, or metal can transfer to paper by pressing {monotype}|.
Printing {process color} {process printing}| can use four colors: cyan, yellow, magenta, and black (CYMK).
Ink on etched copper cylinders in rotary presses can transfer to paper {rotogravure}.
silkscreen {serigraph}|.
Frames with silk, nylon, or wire threads can have open areas to print and greased areas not to print. A squeegee forces ink through screen onto cloth or paper {silkscreen}|.
Published works have font and layout {typography}|, such as line spacing, distance between characters, indenting, spacing between paragraphs, and heading styles.
Characters have style {typeface}, such as Arial, Courier, Geneva, Helvetica, Maestro, Old English, Palatino, Times, TTY, or VT100.
Letters {allograph}| can have different shapes.
Characters can be darker {bold face}.
Characters can slant {italic}.
Characters can be smaller and aligned with line bottom {subscript}.
Characters can be smaller and aligned with line top {superscript}.
Characters can have points at corners {serif}, for easier readability.
Characters can have no points at corners {sans serif}, for less clutter and clearer resolution on computer screens.
One page can have both sides printed in two passes {broadsheet}|.
One page can have print on one side {broadside printing}|.
Machines can print two pages at same time {folio}|.
Machines can print four pages at same time {quarto}|.
Machines can print eight pages at same time {octavo}|.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225