Games {game, play} include athletic, card, puzzle, and board games.
In an arena or under a tent {big top}, clowns, animal handlers, aerialists, acrobats, and a ringmaster present a show {circus}|, in one or three rings.
Families can do things together {activities, family} {family, activities}.
reading and writing
Read and swap books. Go to libraries. Read newspapers or magazines. Keep diaries or journals. Write letters to relatives, friends, or pen pals. Check cash register receipts and add them. Compute gas mileage and travel distances. Read weather maps.
chores
Wash, dry, and iron clothes. Sweep. Clean. Organize. Polish shoes. Sew.
activity
Make object collections and put them in categories. Organize photographs. Make scrapbooks. Recycle. Plan and have parties for guests, with invitations, food, and activities. Have yard sales. Set up juice stands. Volunteer. Start or tend gardens or window boxes. Camp out in yards or campgrounds. Have picnics.
visit
Visit parks. Visit museums. Visit historical sites. Visit institutions. Visit cemeteries.
discussion
Discuss family history. Discuss and prepare for holidays.
Tricks {magic} {magic trick} can use sleight-of-hand or misdirection.
types
To fool people {misdirection}, magicians can tell people to look somewhere or can do something to make them look {overt misdirection}, or they can use low attention or minimal change {covert misdirection}. Hands and hand motions can be quick or deceptive {sleight-of-hand}, such as palming coins or eggs.
Changing dresses uses two different-color dresses, two different-color lights, and a mechanical device to pull off top dress. Shaking a spoon makes it appear to bend at neck.
mirror
Magic tricks can use mirrors, such as "saw the lady in half".
afterimage
Removing an object leaves it visible for 100 milliseconds, by neural after-discharge.
illusion
Repeatedly tossing a ball up and catching it, followed by a pretend throw appears to be a ball going up and disappearing {vanishing-ball illusion}. Spinning disks can have expanding and contracting regions. Looking at stationary objects makes them appear to contract and expand.
One game {playoff}, or a short series, can determine which team or person advances and is the most-exciting contest. Perhaps, all sports can have only playoffs, with no regular season. Players receive money based on playoff success, as in golf and tennis tournaments.
Sport {archery}| can use curved flexible wood {bow, archery} with a string tied at ends. Bows can have a cradle in which to draw string. Bows shoot projectiles {arrow} with a straight stick {shaft}, a point at one end, and feather fins {fletching} and a notch {nock} at other end. Targets are circles.
Sport {boxing}| can have three-minute rounds for 3 to 15 rounds, in a roped square {ring, boxing}. Boxers use gloves. Boxers can knock {punch, boxing} opponent unconscious {knockout, boxing} (KO) or unable to return to ring {technical knockout} (TKO). Boxers can win on points from judges. Hitting below the belt {low blow} is illegal. Hitting kidneys is illegal.
Sport {bullfight}| can have a bullfighter {matador, bullfight} to face the bull and an assistant {picador} to place spikes in the bull to madden it, in a bullring.
Trained falcons can catch game or fly, on command {falconry}|. Falconers wear a glove, on which falcons can land. Falcons wear hoods when not performing.
Sport {fencing}| can use foil, saber, or dueling sword {epée}. Fencer starts {on guard} and then can move forward {lunge}, block opponent's weapon {parry, fencing}, or move backward {retreat, fencing}.
Track and field has events {field event}|. Use a pole to jump over a bar {pole vault}. Jump over bar {high jump}. Run and jump {long jump}. Hop, skip, and jump {triple jump}. Throw a 16-pound ball {shot put}. Throw a heavy disk {discus}. Throw a weight on a chain {hammer throw}. Throw a spear {javelin throw}. Decathlon has 10, heptathlon has 7, and pentathlon has 5 field and track events.
Sport {gymnastics}| can use vaulting horse or long horse, parallel horse or side horse, parallel bars or uneven parallel bars, horizontal bar, stationary rings, balance beam, floor exercise, and calisthenics.
Sport {hunting}| can stalk and shoot game in fields, with rifles or bows.
Sport {roller-skating}| can use shoes with wheels.
Sport {shooting}| can include skeet, trap, target, small-bore rifle, large-bore rifle, and pistol shooting.
Sport {skydiving}| can be a free fall and then parachuting.
Sport {trampoline}| can use a canvas, on which people can bounce, attached to a frame by elastic ropes.
Sport {weight lifting}| can lift overhand from ground to chest {clean and press}, lift overhand from ground to over head {clean and jerk}, lift underhand from ground to chest {snatch}, and push from holder up and bring back while lying on back {bench press}.
Sport {wrestling}| can be free style, Greco-Roman, or sumo. Fall, pin, headlock, hammerlock, toehold, body slam, arm lock, leg lock, chin lock, full nelson, half nelson, scissors, and body press score points.
Sport {calisthenics}| can include jumping jacks, pull-ups, push-ups, knee bends, duck waddles, sit-ups, chin-ups, toe touching, medicine ball throwing, and isometric exercises.
Exercising {conditioning, athletics}| can have 10-minute warm-up, 10-minute high level, and 10-minute cool down, at least three times a week. High-level exercise is jogging, cycling, rope skipping, running, swimming, walking, and straddle hopping.
Intensity is 75% of maximum oxygen intake capacity or 75% of maximum heart rate. Use the following heart rates for high-level exercise. Age 25 to 29 is 135 to 164. Age 30 to 34 is 132 to 161. Age 35 to 39 is 129 to 157. Age 40 to 44 is 126 to 153. Age 45 to 49 is 124 to 150. Age 50 to 54 is 122 to 148. Age 55 to 59 is 119 to 144. Age 60 to 64 is 117 to 142. Age 65 to 69 is 114 to 138.
People should twist, stretch, and compress body muscles {exercise, activity}|, so joints move in all possible ways. Exercise makes heartbeat fast and breathing hard. Exercise can be fast and short or slow and long.
Exercise {workout}| 20 minutes, every day. Easy workouts involve the following twists, stretches, and compressions, while standing. Twist, stretch, or compress as far as possible and as fast as possible, and repeat as much as possible.
legs
For legs, do half-squats, lift knees, lift lower leg backward, stand on toes, twist and shake thighs, walk straight forward and straight backward, walk forward and backward at 45-degree angles, and turn clockwise and counterclockwise.
trunk
For trunk, bend over backward to center, left, and right; bend over forward from waist to center, left, and right; bend over forward from hips to center, left, and right; turn to right and left; turn to right and left while turning shoulders to right and left to twist; lean over to left and right; hold tummy in; hold pubic area in; thrust hips forward to center, left, and right; and thrust hips backward to center, left, and right.
arms
For arms, lift shoulders together and separately, push shoulders forward, push shoulders backward, rotate shoulders vertically clockwise and counterclockwise, reach out in front with both arms and with each arm separately, reach arms around body in front and back, hold arms straight out from side and rotate clockwise and counterclockwise, reach arms straight up and to left and right, stretch arms forward and backward, pronate and supinate forearms, and make fists and then stretch palms flat.
Nine-person teams {baseball}| can have pitcher, catcher, first baseman, second baseman, shortstop, and third baseman, who deploy around the diamond, and right fielder, center fielder, and left fielder, who deploy in the outfield. Pitchers can throw a hard medium-size ball over home plate above knee and below shoulders {strike, baseball} or miss {ball, baseball}. Three strikes retires batter {out, baseball}. Four balls is a pass to first base {walk, baseball}. Batter uses a bat to try to hit ball into the field {hit, baseball} or to right or left {foul ball}. Foul balls are strikes, unless batter has two strikes already. Batters try to get to first base by hit or walk and advance around second and third bases, back to home plate to score a run. Hits can be a single to first base, double to second base, triple to third base, or home run to home plate.
Five-person teams {basketball}| can have center, two forwards, and two guards. Large ball advances by pass or dribble. Players dribble, pass, or shoot.
shot
Players try to put the ball in the opponent's basket, for two points if inside three-point line or three points if outside three-point line.
fouls
Players cannot impede shots by contact. After a foul, fouled player shoots free throws or team receives ball out of bounds.
shot: free throw
Fouled players shoot freely from free-throw line {free throw}, one or two times, to score one point each.
turnovers
Players with the ball cannot stop and resume dribbling {double dribble} or move without dribbling {traveling}. After turnovers, other team receives the ball out of bounds.
shot theory
Shots can have distance, speed, and angle errors. Shooting closer to basket has higher percentage. Hands over the head are closer to basket, so overhead shots have higher percentage. Hands are closer to basket when at jump top, so jump shots have higher percentage.
Shots using only fingers and hand have higher percentage, because large muscles are less accurate. Shorter shots can use less arm and leg muscles. Overhead shots can use less leg muscle, because they are shorter. Jump shots use less leg muscle.
Shots off backboard are longer, use angles that are hard to calculate, and have different targets each time. However, hitting high-speed shots off backboard can slow shots. Underhand shots off backboard hit backboard going up and can be shorter. Shots off backboard are slower.
Make ball enter rim at 45-degree angle, to maximize distance and speed error range that can make successful shots. If hand is below rim, shoot with angle more than 45 degrees, so ball enters rim at 45-degree angle.
Aim to go through rim center, and look at that point. Net shape helps determine that point.
Sport {bowling}| can use a heavy plastic ball to strike ten pins standing in a triangle at the end of a lane. Bowling is in a building {bowling alley}. All ten pins can fall on first ball {strike, bowling} or on two balls {spare, bowling}. Other bowling games are candlepin bowling and ninepins.
Sport {cricket match}| can have an oval field {pitch, field} with two posts {wicket, cricket} and an edge. From behind his wicket, pitcher throws a hard small ball to the ground to try to bounce it onto other wicket. Batsman uses a flat bat to protect the wicket and hit the ball. After hitting, batter can stay near wicket or can run to second wicket to score a run. If hit is far, batter can try to return to first wicket to score another run. If hit rolls to boundary, it is four runs. If hit lands past boundary, it is six runs. Players can catch a fly ball or tag batter while he runs between wickets, to score {out, cricket}. Ten outs retires batting team. Pitched balls count {over, cricket} and games can have limited overs.
Sport {field hockey}| can use sticks to roll a medium-size ball into a net on a field.
On offense, eleven-person teams {football}| can have center, two guards, two tackles, two ends, quarterback, halfback, fullback, and slotback or wide receiver. On defense, eleven-person teams can have three or four linemen, three or four linebackers, two safeties, and two cornerbacks.
play
After plays, ball is on scrimmage line for four downs, in which offense tries to move forward ten yards {first down}.
scoring
Moving ball into opponent's end zone scores seven points {touchdown}. Kicking ball through opponent's goal posts scores three points {field goal}. Kicking ball through opponent's goal posts after a touchdown scores one point {point after}. Moving ball into opponent's end zone after a touchdown scores two points {points after}. Downing opponent in its end zone scores two points {safety, football}.
kicking
After receiving ball, offensive team can elect to kick ball to opponent {free kick}. Offensive team can elect to kick ball to opponent on fourth down {punt, football}.
ball movement
Players can carry ball forward {rush, football}. Players can throw ball downfield {pass, football}. Players can throw ball sideways {lateral, football}.
blocking
Offense tries to block players from downing ball carrier {blocking, football}.
tackling
Defense tries to down ball carrier {tackling}.
penalties
Teams cannot move across scrimmage line before ball moves from line {offside, football}. Teams cannot move forward before ball moves from line {illegal motion}. Teams cannot hit the passer after ball release {roughing the passer}. Teams cannot hit the kicker after ball release {roughing the kicker}. Teams cannot hit interfere with pass receiving or defending five yards beyond scrimmage line {pass interference}. Teams cannot block or tackle illegally {personal foul}. Penalties award other team five, ten, or fifteen yards or a down.
Golf bags have 14 clubs: driver, woods 1 through 3, irons 2 through 9, wedge or sand wedge, and putter {golf}|. On each of 18 or 9 holes, players strike the ball from tee through fairway to green and then putt into a four-inch hole. Score is number of strokes.
strokes
Holes have stroke standards {par, golf}: 3, 4, or 5. Eighteen holes have par 70, 71, or 72. Players can take one more stroke {bogey}, two more strokes {double bogey}, three more strokes {triple bogey}, one less stroke {birdie, golf}, two less strokes {eagle, golf}, three less strokes {double eagle}, or one stroke {hole-in-one}.
Basic Swinging
To simplify right-handed swing, concentrate on trapezius back muscle where inside middle of right shoulder blade meets upper middle spine.
To start right-handed backswing, turn around that muscle to rotate right shoulder around spine. Rotate around right ankle and rotate right thigh. Rotate hips and twist their outer muscles. Keep left arm straight, and keep right arm straight as long as possible.
After body finishes rotating, keep arms extended and continue to pull arms around body until just before you start to lose balance and/or lose sight of ball. Rotate waist muscles.
To start right-handed swing, rotate around right inside middle trapezius muscle again to go down and through ball toward target.
Basic Putting
To putt smoothly, place eye directly over ball. Using the basic swing, but gently, draw club straight back same distance as intended finish distance, then slide through the ball. Put straight topspin on ball.
hand golf
Golf {hand golf} can use only hands and ball. Players throw the ball from tee toward hole. Players pick up the ball and throw it toward the hole. On the green, players roll the ball into cup like bowling. Because there are no clubs, expense is lower, and you do not need golf carts. You never lose balls.
Players use hands to throw a ball against a wall {handball}|.
Sport {hurling}| can be similar to field hockey.
Sport {jai alai}| can use wicker rackets to catch a hard medium-size ball and throw it against a wall.
Sport {lacrosse}| can use webbed sticks {crosse} to carry a ball and throw it into a net on a field.
Sport {rugby}| can use a large football. Official places ball at tackle spot, and play starts {scrum}. Players advance by running or lateraling, until another player tackles ball carrier. Team scores when a player carries ball into opponent's end zone {try, rugby} or kicks ball through opponent's goal posts on a free kick or drop kick. After a penalty, team can take a free kick.
Eleven-person teams {soccer}| can have goalie, four defenders, three midfielders, two forwards, and striker. Players kick or head the medium-size ball toward a large net on a 100-meter field, without using arms. In the goal area, goalies can use arms and hands to defend net. Passes can go only to a player with at least one defender still ahead {offside, soccer}. World Cup is the most-famous soccer championship.
Sport {softball}| can be like baseball and use a large ball with underhand pitching. Softball can be slow pitch or fast pitch.
Teams {volleyball}| have six players on one court side, three next to net and three in backcourt. Players can slam ball to opponent's side {spike, volleyball}, set up spike, or hit a low ball {dig, volleyball}. Sides have three hits to return ball to other side. Players cannot hold ball. Each point begins with a serve from behind court baseline. The team that won previous point serves. Teams can score points only while serving. 15 points wins game.
Sport {judo}| can modify jujitsu for competition and emphasize throws.
Sport {jujitsu}| can involve throwing and pinning opponent.
Sport {karate}| can involve punching, thrusting, clawing, and kicking.
Sport {kung fu}| can be similar to karate.
Sport {badminton}| can be like tennis and use a shuttlecock {birdie, badminton} and light rackets.
Sport {paddle tennis}| can use short rackets to hit a ball against a wall.
Sport {squash rackets}| like can use small string rackets to hit a ball against a wall.
Sport {Ping-Pong} {table tennis}| can use paddles to hit a small hollow ball over a net on a table.
Sport {tennis}| can use rackets and a medium-size felt-covered ball, on a court with a waist-high net. For a game, one player serves into alternating right and left service courts, to win or lose points. Player score can be no points {love, tennis}, 15 for first point, 30 for second point, 40 for third point, or one point ahead in tiebreaker {advantage, tennis}. If both players have 40, score is a tie {deuce, tennis}. To win game, player must win at least 4 points and be 2 points ahead. To win set {set, tennis}, player must win at least six games and be two games ahead. Alternatively, if both players have won six games, they can play a tiebreaker. To win match {match, tennis}, player must win two sets out of three or three sets out of five.
Sport {automobile racing} can include Formula 1, Formula V, prototype, group 7, sports car, stock car, and Indianapolis races, on dirt or paved tracks, for different distances.
Sport {equitation}| {horsemanship} can include show jumping, cross country, and dressage or controlled riding. Horses can run, trot, canter, gallop, or pace. Saddles can be English saddle or western saddle.
Sport {horse racing}| can include thoroughbred, steeplechase, and harness racing. Horses break from start, round first turn, go down backstretch, round turn, and come down homestretch, to finish line, for one to one-and-one-half miles. One furlong equals 1/8 mile.
Horse-riding sport {polo}| can use a long mallet to hit a medium-size ball into a net on a large field.
Sport {rodeo}| can include saddle bronc, calf roping, bulldogging cattle, bareback riding, and Brahma bull riding.
Races {cross-country}| can be 2 to 5 miles on paths or roads in towns or countryside.
26-mile run on paths or roads in towns or countryside {marathon}|.
Runs {running, sport} on tracks can be 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m, 1500 m, 5000 m, 10000 m, 400-m relay, 1500-m relay, 110-m hurdles, 400-m hurdles, and 3000-m steeplechase. Runs on roads can be 20-km walk and 30-km walk.
Sport {diving}| can include gainer or reverse, inward or cutaway, swan dive, twist, layout with body straight, tuck, pike or jackknife, handstand, and half gainer.
Sport {fishing}| can include rod and reel, fly-casting, spinning, bait casting, and trolling.
Sport {rowing}| can involve a coxswain setting the pace for oarsmen and steering a long narrow boat {shell, rowing sport}. Sculling uses a one-person boat {scull}. Kayaking uses a one-person enclosed canoe {kayak, sport}.
Wind can power boats with sails {sailing}|.
boat types
Sailing ships are catboat, sloop, schooner, cutter, ketch, yawl, catamaran, and trimaran.
parts
Sails use a vertical mast, horizontal bar {boom, sailboat}, diagonal spars, and rigging ropes. Under sailboats is a weighted thin wedge {keel, sailboat} to resist sideways motion and tipping, as wind strikes sail. A board in back {rudder, boat} turns right to steer left, and left to steer right, as moving water pushes rudder sideways. A straight board {tiller} or steering wheel {helm} can connect to rudder.
parts: sails
Sails can be back from mast and along boom {main sail}, in front of mast {jib}, and in front of jib to catch a downwind {spinnaker}.
course
Competitions use a course with six legs: into wind {windward leg}, across wind {reach}, downwind, and repeat. America's Cup is the most-famous sailing-race series.
tacking
To move upwind, sailboats must move at 45-degree angles, half to left and then turning {coming about} to half to right {tacking}. Performing many tacks or just one depends on possible wind force and direction changes. Going upwind tends to push boat front {prow} up, so sailors move to front, to balance weight.
reaching
Going across wind {reaching} tends to tilt the boat over, so sailors move to upwind side.
running
Going downwind {running, sailing} tends to push boat front down into water, so sailors move to back.
sail
Sail trailing edge resists wind. Pulling sails tighter {trimming} reduces drag force. People can pull a sail tight to wind {reefing} or lower a sail {furling}.
Sport {skin diving}| can use aqualung, snorkel, surface diving, dry suit, wet suit, or SCUBA. SCUBA outfit has an air tank, with regulator, weights, and an air vest.
Sport {surfing}| can use boards {surfboard} on waves. People can place ten toes over board front {hang ten}.
Sport {swimming}| can include breaststroke, crawl or freestyle, backstroke, sidestroke, and butterfly.
Sport {water polo}| can try to put a medium-size ball into a net in a pool.
Sport {water skiing}| can use skis behind a ski boat, which travels at 35 mph or more.
Sport {curling}| can slide polished stones over ice with brooms.
Sport {figure skating}| can include spirals, spins, glides, steps, flips, axels, toe loops, and other leaps.
Six-person teams {ice hockey}| can have goalie, two defensemen, two wingers, and center. Team passes puck around ice. Passes cannot go to a player with no defender in front {offside, hockey} or send puck over two lines without touching anyone {icing}. After infractions, referee drops puck in a nearby circle {faceoff}.
Sport {luge}| can use sleds on ice chutes.
Alpine skiing {skiing}| includes downhill, slalom, and giant slalom. Nordic skiing includes cross-country skiing and ski jumping.
Sport {speed skating}| can use long skates.
Sport {toboggan}| can use flat-bottom sleds on icy runs.
Two dice determine number of points that selected pieces can move around a special two-sided board with points {backgammon}.
On boards with arrays of numbers, players mark squares whose number is called, until one player announces completion of a column, row, or diagonal {bingo}.
Games {brax} can be similar to checkers.
Games {cats and dogs} can be similar to checkers.
Twelve identical pieces for each side are on same color of a checkerboard {checkers} {draughts} and can move forward on diagonals. Players try to jump opponent's pieces, to try to capture all of them. Moving a piece to opponent's first row makes piece able to move in all directions {king, checkers}.
Games {Dalmatian pirates and Volga Bulgars} can be similar to fox and geese.
Games {fanorona} {fandango, board game} can be similar to checkers.
On a checkerboard {fox and geese}, a single checker starts at first row and is the fox, which can move forward and backward. Four checkers fill other first row and are the geese, which can move only forward. Pieces move along diagonals, one square per move, with no capturing. Geese try to trap fox, who tries to reach last row.
Board games {Game of Squares} can be about making squares.
Number of Players
Game has two players or two teams.
Board
Board is any-size square grid. Squares less than 19 x 19 are good. Use any square part of a Go board or checkerboard.
Pieces
If grid is 19 x 19, use 191 each of two colors. If grid is 7 x 7, use 25 of each color.
Play
Either player can move first. Players alternate turns. Turns place one piece on an empty board position. Game has no capturing. Pieces already on board cannot move. Players cannot pass turns.
Object of Game
Object is to make as many four-cornered square patterns of player pieces as possible.
End of Game
Players mutually agree to end game, or pieces occupy all possible positions.
Variants of Game
Board can be rectangle, diamond, or other shape. Pattern counted can be any shape, for example, diamond or rectangle, rather than square. Count can include only smallest squares, with four pieces, or any-size four-cornered patterns. Different shapes and sizes can count different values. Players can remove one opponent piece per turn. Players can pass turn. Players can play more than one piece per turn. Players can cooperate to make fun patterns.
On a 19 x 19 board, players put black or white markers to encircle territory or opponent markers {go}. Encircling markers captures opponent's markers. Players cannot remove their own markers. Black moves first. Players alternate turns. Black can start with one to nine markers already on board, as a handicap.
A Go variation {Go Free} can allow players to move any of their own pieces, whether played already or not, to open spots, or to remove them from board. This variation requires no special rules for special situations, so Go Free has fewest restrictions.
Two players move pieces along board lines as far as they can and capture by sandwiching {hasami shogi}.
Players can put hexagons on a rhombus-shaped board {Hex}.
In a one-person game {hoppers}, pegs jump over each other to reach end.
Board games {mah jong}| can use special tiles.
Seeds can go into depressions {mancala}.
Players add markers to a board with three concentric squares and capture other player's markers {merrelles} {mühle} {mill, game} {nine men's morris}.
Boards {ouija}| can have a special layout.
Dice can determine number of spaces to move on a special board with four parts {parcheesi}.
A round-board game {roundabouts} uses dice to move pieces.
Scrabble(TM) {Scrabble}| uses a special board and letter tiles, to make words. Letters have values, and score is sum of values.
Checkerboard games {chess} can have one king, one queen, two bishops, two knights, two rooks or castles, and eight pawns for each side. Pieces capture by displacing opponent's piece. King can move one square in any direction. Queen can move any number of squares in any direction, with no jumping. Rook can move any number of squares on row or column, with no jumping. Bishop can move any number of squares on a diagonal, with no jumping. Knight can jump two squares on a row or column plus one square on a column or row. Pawns can move one square forward, with no jumping, and capture diagonally. Pawns can move two squares forward first time. Object is to capture king.
notation
Notation can use B = Black, W = White, K = King, Q = Queen, B = Bishop, N = kNight, R = Rook, and P = Pawn. Row 1 is on white's side, and row 8 is on black's side. For example, K-KR1 means move king to kingside rook column and first row.
chess problem 1
Pieces start at the following positions. BK-QR8, BN-KB8, BR-KN8, BP-QR7, BP-QN7, WB-Q7, BB-QR6, BP-QB6, WN-Q6, BB-KB6, WP-KN6, BQ-Q5, WP-KB5, WQ-QN4, BN-Q4, WP-QB3, WP-Q3, BP-KR3, WP-QN2, WB-KR2, WR-QR1, WK-QN1, and WR-K1. Moves are 1. ..., BxP +; 2. K-QB1, B-KN5 +; 3. K-Q1, B-QB2 ++.
chess problem 2
Pieces start at the following positions. BK-QR8, BP-QR7, BP-QN7, BB-Q7, BP-KN7, BR-QR6, WN-Q6, BP-KN6, BB-QN5, BQ-Q5, WR-QR4, WQ-QN4, BN-Q4, WP-K4, WN-QB3, WP-Q3, WP-QN2, WP-KN2, WP-KR2, WK-QN1, WB-QB1, and WR-KB1. Moves are 1. ..., BxP +; 2. K-QR1, N-QB2 +; 3. K-QN1, NxQ +; 4. K-QR1, RxR +; 5. NxR, Q-KR2 ++.
chess problem 3
Pieces start at the following positions. BR-K8, BB-KB8, BB-QN7, BP-KN7, BP-KR7, WB-Q6, BN-K6, BP-KB6, BK-KN6, BP-QR5, BP-Q5, BQ-KB5, WP-QB4, WP-KN4, WQ-KR4, WN-QN3, WP-Q3, WK-K3, WN-KR3, WP-QR2, BR-QN1, WP-KR2, WR-Q1, WB-KB1, and WR-KN1. Moves are 1. ..., Q-B6 +; 2. KxQ, P-Q4 +; 3. K-KN3, BxB +; 4. N-KB4, BxN +; 5. K-KR3, RxP ++.
chess problem 4
Pieces start at the following positions. BR-QR8, WN-QN7, BB-QB7, BP-KN7, BP-KR7, BB-QB6, WB-Q6, BP-KB6, BK-KN6, BP-QR5, BP-Q5, BQ-KB5, WN-KN5, WP-QB4, WP-KN4, WQ-KR4, WB-QN3, WK-K3, WP-KR3, WP-QR2, WP-QN1, BR-KN2, WR-QR1, and WR-K1. Moves are 1. ..., P-Q4 +; 2. KxP, R-Q2 +; 3. K-K3, Q-Q3 +; 4. K-B4, QxB +; 5. K-K3, Q-Q4 ++, or 5. R-K5, QxR ++.
chess problem 5
Pieces start at the following positions: K-K2, Q-QR3, B-K4, B-K5, N-QN6, N-QB7, R-KN8, and R-KR7. This makes maximum attack on all 64 squares.
chess problem 6
Pieces start at the following positions: K-QB2, Q-QN1, R-QB1, R-QN2, B-QR1, B-QR2, N-Q1, and N-QN3. This makes minimum attack on 16 squares.
variation
Chess variation is to move king to farthest row, or a particular square on farthest row, first.
A game similar to blackjack {baccarat} can use two tables {baccarat banque} and can use a bank {punto banco} {North American baccarat}.
Starting with two cards, people try to obtain 21 or less and be higher than other players, by optionally drawing cards {blackjack, cards} {twenty-one}.
In bridge-like games {bridge, card game}, such as contract bridge, players try to win rounds of played cards {trick}, with highest card or with a card from a designated suit {trump}. Bridge had an earlier form {whist} in 1900's.
Rummy {canasta} can use two card decks.
baccarat {chemin de fer}.
Boards {cribbage} can have peg holes, filled according to cards, for keeping score.
Card decks {deck} have 52 cards: 13 black clubs, 13 red diamonds, 13 red hearts, and 13 black spades {suit, cards}. 13-card suits have 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, jack J, queen Q, king K, and ace A, from lowest to highest. Jack, queen, and king {face card} show persons. Jack of spades and jack of hearts are one-eyed. A deck can have two cards with a joker image.
Rummy {euchre} can use deck highest 32 cards.
Players can take cards from a box and bet {faro}.
Rummy {hearts} can use hearts suit as trumps.
Rummy {pinochle} can have 2 to 4 people and use 48 cards.
Strength, from lowest to highest, is highest card, two of kind, three of kind, four of kind, five of kind including wild card, five cards in sequence {straight, poker}, five cards in same suit {flush, poker}, five cards of same suit in sequence {straight flush}, and straight flush with ace high {royal flush} {poker}. Poker {draw poker} can deal substitute cards from deck. Poker {stud poker} can show some cards and conceal others, dealt in front of players.
In rummy-type games {rummy}, such as gin rummy, players try to acquire three same-value cards or three same-suit sequential cards {meld}, by drawing from a card pile {talon, cards}.
People can play card-sequence games {solitaire} {patience} by themselves.
two card {deuce, card}.
three card {trey}.
A child can wear a blindfold and try to catch people {blindman's bluff}|.
Hand games {cat's cradle}| can use a string loop around fingers.
Spherical balls {marbles}| can be thumb shooters to knock other marbles from a ring.
A blindfolded child can hold a paper tail and try to stick it on a donkey picture {pin the tail on the donkey}|.
A child can use a stick to try to break a papier-mâché candy-filled figure {pi-ata}|.
Spring-loaded posts {pogo stick}| can be for bouncing.
People can try to flip small plastic disks into a cup {tiddlywinks}|.
A roller {yo-yo}| can have wound string, and string rewinds by inertia after fully unwinding.
Dice cubes have six sides, with one to six dots {dice, game}. Two dice can add to two {snake-eyes} up to twelve {boxcars}.
A person {fader} can roll two dice {craps}. 7 or 11 {natural, craps} wins. 2 or 3 or 12 {crap out} loses bet and dice.
Games {rebus, game}| can be puzzles with pictures for words or sounds.
People can try to rotate pieces of a three-dimensional cube {Rubik's cube} {Rubik cube}, to align numbers.
People can try to fill cells, in a 9 x 9 square array with 3 x 3 subarrays, with scattered numbers, without repeating any entry in any row, column, or subarray {Sudoku}|. Arrays have only one solution. Game derives from order-9 Latin-square arrays.
Games {basket game} for two people or teams can use an empty clean wastebasket and a ping-pong ball. Basket is like half-court basketball, with no dribbling. Put basket on floor near wall middle, with no nearby window. Players can put ball in basket by bounce, off wall, or through air, but they cannot put hand in cylinder of air above basket rim or touch basket. Handicap can require taller or more skilled players to stay farther way from basket. Perhaps, players cannot stay too close to basket for more than few seconds. For fouls, use free throws or just award basket. Alternate games are basket-making contests, like "HORSE".
Players can use pool cues to strike a cue ball to hit both red balls on a pool table with no pockets {billiards}|.
Mallets can strike medium-size wooden balls to put them through a wicket sequence {croquet}|.
Two players, starting with 14 dominoes each, can match dots on domino ends, to try to use all dominoes first {dominoes}|.
People can throw modified horseshoes {horseshoes}| to try to touch or encircle a post.
Players can use a pool cue to strike a cue ball to knock medium-size plastic balls into pockets on a table with six pockets {pool}|. Players subtract a ball if cue ball goes into a pocket. Player turn ends if no ball goes into a pocket. Pool games include snooker, eight ball, and straight pool.
Players can bet on the number into which a small metal ball falls on a spinning roulette wheel {roulette game}|: odd, even, red, black, 0, 00 in USA, either half, any third, and/or any fourth.
Players can use a crook to slide disks onto a marked triangle, for points {shuffleboard}|.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225