Something {god}| can be partially or wholly outside the physical universe and capable of affecting universe.
arguments for God
God must exist {ontological argument, God}. The physical universe proves that God exists {cosmological argument, God}. Universe purposes prove that God exists {teleological argument, God}. Hume and Kant disproved these arguments.
arguments against God
Perhaps, God does not exist. If evil exists, God cannot be completely good and cannot be all-powerful. The idea of God contains contradiction, because nothing is logical necessity. God cannot be omnipotent. God cannot be omniscient. God cannot be eternal.
Because people cannot ascertain truth of statements about God, such statements are meaningless. Attributes of God depend on human attributes and so do not necessarily apply to beings with no bodies. Spirits have no method of interacting with matter, unless they are part matter, or third substances mediate interactions.
No premises have universal acceptance as true. Valid reasoning is difficult about infinities or perfections.
disproofs of God
Supposed proofs of God have convincing disproofs that show contradictions. Today, theologians accept that there is no proof of God.
attributes
God can know people's experiences or know only what people's experiences are like. God can know things by standing outside time or by knowing everything to know at each instant. God can know choices that free wills can make, by observation or foreknowledge, or not know choices before, so self-limiting God's knowledge.
God can be the creator and have created and maintained physical and mental worlds. In Hebrew-Christian world-view, God created universe. The spirit of God moves universe. Man is the image of God. Souls have free will. The feeling of love is important in universe.
God can be essence.
God can be eternal and exist outside time and/or throughout time.
God can be good. God can be beneficent and compassionate. God can be sympathetic.
God can have no bound. However, God is finite, because physical quantities have quanta and are relativistic. Universe can have no bound but still be finite.
God can be intelligent and wise.
God can be like universe boundary, like being both inside and outside spherical surface. Boundary conditions define space points. God is then both immanent and transcendent. Universe is inside God and is the boundary of God.
God can be just.
God can be lawful and orderly in action.
God can expect duty, morality, submission, and other rights from humans.
God can be like mathematical law. If laws are necessary and sufficient, they organize themselves.
God can be mind with no viewpoint and have no body.
God gave commands to humans that establish right and wrong, commands are logically necessary, or both. God can be source of moral judgments. However, morals do not require God, because society and family are settings for moral development.
God has moral attributes. Good will triumph. God knows all and can do all. God wills that people do good. God does only good. God is just. God is merciful. God is loving. God wishes us to manifest his glory.
God can be powerful enough to change logic rules, alter past, and/or allow contradictions to exist simultaneously. Perhaps, God is self-constrained or otherwise constrained against doing these things.
God can be perfection.
God can be a person or personality. God is like a person, with will, agency, feelings, consciousness, and self. However, God is not like man, because God has no brain, glands, body, or human attributes. God can have no emotions, no will, no reason, no sense qualities or perception, and no free will.
God can be purposeful.
God can be self-subsisting and self-sufficient. God can be unconditioned.
Spirit is supernatural or mental substance or essence that is in or part of God. It has power to do things in physical world. It can be transmittable. It can have will. Holy Spirit of Christianity is the way that people know God. Soul receives it to give people Mind, which can then follow spiritual values. It allows people to partake of God or God's qualities. Thus, it enables people to tell true from false and good from evil, to have will and be able to choose, and to speak and know language. However, God is not spirit, because spirit, being non-physical, can have no direct affect on material world. Spirit cannot cause anything, because only physical things can affect physical things. No method exists by which people can detect spirit, because spirit does not affect mass-energy.
Substance is what is true reality, such as matter or mind. God can be fundamental substance, can just work with substance, or can have substance attributes. However, substance has no meaning actually. Underlying universe substrate has no such simple concepts.
God can be the highest or first reality. God can be the highest possible being. God can be logical or universal necessity.
God can be truth.
God can be unique.
God can be unknowable.
God can be will and be free to act immediately on all substances, without influences from other things.
existence of God
God is an existence that is in, as, and of itself. All God's attributes derive from this principle. However, God's possibility does not make necessity, because necessity and existence are about physical world. Existence is not a predicate.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224