Parenting {parents} has properties.
parental behavior
Parental behavior can show love, affection, and warmth, or hostility and rejection. It can exercise control and authoritarianism, or allow autonomy and freedom. It can be permissive or restrictive. It can be possessive and involved or detached. Parents are more authoritarian in lower social classes.
Parents that show affection and allow autonomy tend to have children that are active, bossy, high in self-esteem, high in achievement, friendly, and confident.
Parents that are affectionate and in control tend to have children that have high esteem, are dependent, are not aggressive, and conform.
Parents that are hostile and restrictive tend to have children that are hostile, have low confidence, have low achievement, and are withdrawn.
Parents that are hostile and permissive tend to have children that are aggressive, have poor self-control, are delinquent, have low confidence, and have low achievement.
mother
Children with no mother have poor language skills and social relations, but their memory and motor skills are normal.
same-sex parent
Absence of a same-sex model is a factor in delinquency and poor school attendance.
Mother or father can seek affection and security from child {anxious attachment}. Such parent typically alternates abruptly from concern to hostility and had difficult childhood.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225