Object classes are examples that have defining characteristics {Greek ideas about cognition} {classic model}, though they have different features.
ideal
Real objects are imperfect copies of ideal abstract objects {Ideal object} or are examples of abstract concepts {form, concept}. Real objects have matter units {substratum, matter}. Element arrangements and movements allow form, but form is separate and independent thing unrelated to parts.
ideal: function
Forms have main purposes, functions, or uses.
learning
Minds hold innate class concepts. Minds can learn form names.
hierarchy
Classes form a hierarchy. Subclasses inherit higher-class form. Higher class abstracts something common from subclasses.
association
Object or feature perception allows similar or identical objects or features to enter mind.
inference
Mind also makes and stores inferences, such as cause and effect.
Mind has innate thinking and knowing methods, such as number, space, time, causation, and logic, which interpret sense qualities and make perceptions and concepts {constructivism, cognition}. Meaning combines perceptions and abstractions into schema structures [Schank and Abelson, 1977] [Schank, 1997].
Minds build concepts by abstracting common properties from perceptions, which have sensory units {empiricism, cognition}. Complex ideas are simple-idea combinations {image, cognition}. Mind can compare, identify, use logic, and actively perform other mental activities. Abstract ideas, such as mathematics or self, can come from sensory ideas. Ideas become associated if they are experienced to be near each other in time or space {contiguity principle, cognition} {associationism, cognition}.
Mental representations, ideas, beliefs, and intentions are computations and are both mental functions and physiological states {functionalism, cognition}. States are not neurons and their actions, but their information and algorithms. The same information can be in different neurons. The same mental function can use different physiology {token-identity theory, functionalism}, rather than always the same physiology {state-identity theory, functionalism} {type-identity theory, functionalism}. The same physiology can serve different functions [Churchland, 1979] [Churchland, 1986] [Churchland, 1988] [Churchland, 1995] [Churchland, 2002] [Farber and Churchland, 1995] [Pylyshyn, 1984].
Structures have components, and their relations depend on laws about structures {Gestalt, cognition}. They do not depend on ideas about components.
Concepts develop from perceptions and cognitive operations on perceptions {logical positivism, cognition} {radical positivism}. Propositions are for understanding and meaning. Perceptual experience corresponds to unique object or event {indestructible simple, logical positivism}, which can have proper noun for name. However, propositions about facts require words for classes, but such words refer to multiple objects {referent, logical positivism}. To be meaningful, language can build concepts from simple perceptual experiences, just as mind does.
People have innate ideas and abilities {nativism, cognition}, as well as learned and observed ones.
Memories about classes {neoclassic model} include actual perceptions and ideal forms, as well as secondary functions and typical features {epistemological information}. Ideal-form information is invariant, while perceptual and epistemological information can vary, like colors can vary. Ideal-form, perceptual, or epistemological information can identify class members.
Mind and mental states are all conscious experience {physiological psychology} {sensationism}. Experience has elementary sense qualities {sensation unit} and their relations [Hume, 1739].
Minds have perceptual-image copies and abstract concepts {rationalism, cognition}. Abstract concepts are Mind's innate abilities, such as reasoning. Knowledge can be true a priori, but sensory knowledge is not absolute truth. Concepts and perceptions in Mind are codes {sign}. Minds are separate reality from physical world and have their own laws [Plato, -380] [Plato, -360].
Structures have components, and analyzing components and their relations provides cognition {structuralism, cognition}.
Outline of Knowledge Database Home Page
Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0225