6-Psychology-Cognition-Memory-Errors

memory errors

Memory recall can have inaccurate information {memory, errors} {recall, errors} that cannot have come from guessing or wrong cueing.

Without extra context, minds can make no distinction between mistake in storing memory, recalling memory, or making original perception.

properties: verbal errors

Typical verbal errors sound similar to accurate item.

properties: meaning

Errors can arise from trying to make events meaningful, because meaning is more important than detail. General concept stored with detail can change the detail. Context or assumptions can change memory logically.

memory change

Memory change happens in weak memories. Memory change can happen at storage, when misunderstandings cause coding misrepresentations. Memory change can happen at recall, when inferences override coded representations.

memory decay

For visual situations with attention but no rehearsal, activation loss decreases memory. Forgetting increases with time elapsed. However, people can later remember memories forgotten at one time, so information is still in memory.

recall

Recalling can change unconscious memories.

perception

Perception does not confound units and produces non-contradictory results, with no chimeras. Mind eliminates contradictions preconsciously, before conscious memory.

absent-mindedness

Memory formation and retrieval can fail with low attention at storage or recall {absent-mindedness}|.

bias in memory

Memory can alter to make events, objects, or scenes consistent, emotionally right, or pleasant {bias, memory}.

blocking in memory

Memory retrieval can fail if something else is on the mind {blocking, memory}.

consolidation failure

Coding failure {consolidation failure} can decrease memory.

discrimination failure

Inability to discriminate {discrimination failure} between two groups, locations, or times that are close together can decrease memory.

encoding deficiency

Memory failure can be at encoding {encoding deficiency}.

false memory

Memory can mix real and imagined events {false memory}| [Loftus and Ketcham, 1994].

illusory conjuncture

Sensory recall can combine different stimulus features {illusory conjuncture}. Features are in different mental regions, and features recombine at recall. Recombination requires attention.

misattribution

Memory can associate with wrong place, time, situation, or object {misattribution}. Recall can use guessing or associate to wrong memory {source misattribution}. Source misattribution has low probability, because cue must be precise to keep memory coherent.

persistence

Memory can be obsessive {persistence, memory}.

retrieval failure

Memory failure can happen at retrieval {retrieval failure}.

storage loss

Memory failure can happen at storage {storage loss}.

suggestibility

Current information {suggestibility}| can change memory.

transience

Memory can decay or fade away {transience}.

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Date Modified: 2022.0225