People can have thwarted desires, intentions, hopes, plans, and projects {suffering, emotion}|. There are degrees of suffering. Mind is necessary to have suffering, because suffering depends on expectations and desires. Ability to reason and ability to suffer differ but relate. Animals that are smart enough to suffer include horse, dog, apes, elephants, and dolphins, because they can do something about conditions that make them suffer.
Social Sciences>Psychology>Cognition>Emotion>Kinds
6-Psychology-Cognition-Emotion-Kinds
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Date Modified: 2022.0224