Substances {object, metaphysics} have modes and attributes. Objects maintain integrated structures and functions, irrespective of element changes.
Things are identical if they have same class and have same relation, or if they have same class and have reciprocal relations {identity criterion} {criterion of identity} {identity, metaphysics}.
Things {instantiation, metaphysics}| are class or category examples.
Objects {abstract object} can be not observable, have no space or time locations, have no matter, have no cause, have no effects, and exist only necessarily. Abstract objects are opposites of concrete actual physical things.
Ideals {ideal} are perfect, unchanging, and universal objects, or abstract ideas of particular objects. Extrapolation from the particular can create perfect-object representations. Mathematical knowledge is about ideals.
Objects have classes {attribute, class}.
Objects have properties {mode, property}.
Objects try to do something or are action objects {capacity, object} {object capacity}. People capacities are their mental possibilities. Contexts can prevent capacity expression.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225