When1: -510
When2: -490
Who: Heraclitus
What: philosopher
Where: Ephesus, Anatolia
works\ On Nature [-510 to -490]
Detail: He lived -540 to -480 and was Pre-Socratic.
Epistemology
People can look in themselves and into nature to find meaning and structure, because soul is like the moving element fire. Soul is ideal, eternal, and underlying intelligence in universe. He said that you never step into same river twice.
Metaphysics
Universe essence is change or becoming. Change is the element fire. All matter always changes. Justice or fate balancing conflicting movements or flows {flux, Heraclitus} causes apparent object permanence. All things come from opposites, being and not being. Nature and mind have structure or harmony, as opposites unite. Matter transformations have definite ways and orders, as law, reason, and destiny work in universe. World goes through orderly state successions, back to original state.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224