When1: 1951
When2: 1984
Who: Georg Henrik von Wright [Wright, Georg Henrik von]
What: philosopher
Where: Finland
works\ Treatise on Induction and Probability [1951]; Logical Studies [1957]; Varieties of Goodness [1963]; Norm and Action [1963]; Essay in Deontic Logic [1968]; Explanation and Understanding [1971]; Causality and Determinism [1974]; Freedom and Determination [1980]; Practical Reason [1983]; Philosophical Logic [1983]; Truth, Knowledge, and Modality [1984]
Detail: He lived 1916 to ?, followed Wittgenstein's ideas, and studied logic of statements using must and may {deontic logic, Wright}.
Epistemology
Obligation is like necessity. Permission is like possibility. Prohibition is like impossibility. For example, if something is not necessary, then opposite something is possible. If something is not an obligation, its opposite can happen. If something is not possible, then its opposite is necessary. If something is impermissible, its opposite is obligatory. Not-impossible things are possible, so if something has no prohibition, it can happen. If two things together are necessary, then each is necessary, so if two things together are obligatory, then each is obligatory. If something is necessary, then it is possible, so something obligatory has permission.
Ethics
Deontic logic can be ethics logic. Actions are prohibited, permitted, or obligatory. Negatives and combinations can be true or false.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224