When1: 1923
When2: 1953
Who: Charles Dunbar Broad [Broad, Charles Dunbar]
What: philosopher
Where: England
works\ Scientific Thought [1923 and 1927]; Mind and its Place in Nature [1925 and 1949]; Five Types of Ethical Theory [1930]; Examination of McTaggart's Philosophy [1933 to 1938]; Ethics and the History of Philosophy [1952]; Religion, Philosophy, and Psychical Research [1953]
Detail: He lived 1887 to 1971.
Epistemology
Philosophy should state question clearly, describe all answers, and select the most probable.
Materialist philosophy can say that consciousness is not real and only brain states or functions are real {radical materialism}, consciousness is real but is brain state or function {reductive materialism}, or consciousness is real and is a brain higher-order state or function but has properties not reducible to brain states or functions {emergent materialism} [1925].
Physical causes mental being or property, such as qualia, but mental does not cause physical {epiphenomenalism, Broad}. Subjective experience is epiphenomenal. Mental states and forces can arise from human-brain complex structures and functions {emergentist philosophy}.
Religion
People have had numerous experiences of religious revelation or experience, many with similar phenomena {argument from religious experience, Broad}, which God's existence and action can explain.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224