Immediately preceding events and motions {efficient cause}| directly cause effects.
Possibilities, goals, or purposes {final cause}| can begin effect events.
Forms, essences, or ideas {formal cause}| can shape effect events.
Matter physical forces {material cause}| directly cause effects.
Effects can require prior causes {necessary cause}|. If necessary cause is not present, effect is not present.
Causes {sufficient cause}| can cause effects all by themselves. If sufficient cause is present, effect is present.
6-Philosophy-Epistemology-Causation
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Date Modified: 2022.0225