Over language history, sound-context phonological distinctive features can change to other distinctive features {sound shift}. Phoneme changes follow regular recurrent rules. Functional, autonomous, or spontaneous causes can change paradigmatic sounds. Nearby phonemes can change syntagmatic sounds.
Sounds have diachronic changes {drift, phonetics}.
Speech can double sounds to lengthen them {gemination}.
Consonants between vowels can change {lenition}.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225