6-Linguistics-Languages-Sanskrit

abhidhanottara

female and male union {abhidhanottara}.

agama

traditional doctrine {agama}.

ahimsa in Sanskrit

non-violence or not killing or principle of no-harm {ahimsa, Sanskrit}.

akara

aspect {akara}.

akhanda

one undivided Essence or no time {akhanda}.

amsa as part

part {amsa, part}.

anumana

inference {anumana}.

apoha

exclusion {apoha}.

ashram

retreat {ashrama} {ashram}.

ashramas

The four stages of correct life {ashramas} are brahmacharya, grihastha, vanaprastha, and sannyasa.

avidya in Sanskrit

ignorance of true reality {avidya, Sanskrit}.

bhakti in Sanskrit

self-surrender or emotional devotion {bhakti, Sanskrit}.

bhavana

meditation or "causing to become" {bhavana}.

bodhi in Sanskrit

enlightenment or awakening {bodhi, Sanskrit}.

buddh

aware {buddh}.

buddhanusmrti

Buddha-meditation recollection {buddhanusmrti}.

buddhi

perceiving and distinguishing intellect {buddhi}.

caittasika

Mental factors {caitesika} {caittasika} can describe uses of, and emotions about, objects.

cakras

The twelve circles or centers of energy, in various body parts, have different consciousness types {cakras} {chakras} or wheels.

chiranjivi

Sage can still live in the world to help his devotees {chiranjivi}.

chudamani

crest-jewel {chudamani}.

citta in Sanskrit

mental factors or activities: buddhi, ahamkara, and manas {citta, Sanskrit}.

daivam

fate {daivam}.

darshana

school or system {darshana} {darsana}.

dharana

Concentrate consciousness on the One, absorb with deity, and feel oneness {dharana}.

dhyana in Sanskrit

meditation {dhyana, Sanskrit}.

ekagrata

concentration on one point {ekagrata}.

ghatika

moment of time {ghatika}.

guhyasamaja

secret assembly {guhyasamaja}.

guptasadhana

secret means {guptasadhana}.

hamsa as tone

tone {amsa, tone} {hamsa}.

iccha

divine will {iccha}.

jiva

"life" monads {jiva} are in people and things.

jna

knowing {jna}.

jnanarnava

ocean of knowledge {jnanarnava}.

jnani

non-theistic or non-devotional spirituality {jnani}.

kaivalya

integration, lost-faculty restoration, or isolation {kaivalya}.

kala

time {kala, Hinduism}.

kalpa

Time {kalpa} can have one Adi Sandhi, then 14 manvantaras and their Sandhi Kalas, and be one day (1000 mahayugas) or night in life of Brahma.

kalpana

conceptuality or thought {kalpana}.

kamaratna

precious pleasure {kamaratna}.

karma in Sanskrit

action {karma, Sanskrit}.

karuna in Sanskrit

compassion {karuna, Sanskrit}.

kaula

Kaula School of Shaktism {kaula} {kularnava}.

klesa

suffering, or impairing self-manifestation {klesa}.

krishna

black {krishna}.

kundalini

coiled energy {kundalini}.

lagna

moments {lagna}.

lamkara

ornaments or teachings {lamkara}.

Lankavatara

Sri Lanka {Lankavatara}.

lila

play or display {lila}.

loka in Sanskrit

light {loka, Sanskrit}.

mahakaruna

great compassion {mahakaruna}.

mahanirvana

great liberation {mahanirvana}.

mahat

great will, Buddha will, or determinative awareness {mahat}.

maitribhavana

Loving-kindness meditation {maitribhavana}.

mali

garland or necklace {mali}.

manas

Mind recognizes sense activity and experience and becomes cognitive {manas}.

mandala

ring {mandala}.

manjusri

holy and beautiful {manjusri}.

mantra

Magic formulas {mantra, Hinduism} repeat sounds and concentrate mind on gods. Icon contemplation concentrates mind on gods. Meditation and concentration try to identify human mind with, or allow possession by, God or truth.

mara

death {mara}.

marga in Sanskrit

Way of knowledge or way of the monks {marga, Sanskrit} opposes ritual.

matrikabheda

ideological book house {matrikabheda}.

matsya-nyaya

law of the fishes {matsya-nyaya} or struggle for survival.

maya in Sanskrit

illusion or self-transformation or self-transmutation {maya, Sanskrit}. Spirits produce illusions, change forms, and perform magic.

mula

foundation {mula}.

mutt

religious institution {mutt}.

nairatmya

selflessness or loss of belief that one has self {nairatmya}.

namarupa

world of names and forms {namarupa}.

neti neti

"neither thus nor thus" and so not sensual and not conceptual {neti neti, Hinduism}.

netra

eye {netra}.

nila

dark blue {nila}.

niruttara

having no better {niruttara}.

nirvana in Sanskrit

bliss and end of all desire {nirvana, Sanskrit}.

paramita

perfection {paramita}.

pitaka

basket {pitaka}.

pradhana

fundamental material substance {pradhana}.

prajna in Sanskrit

wisdom {prajna, Sanskrit}.

praktri

whole rebirth and release cycle {praktri, Hinduism}. Matter or nature evolves from within itself. At starts of cosmic eons, determinative awareness evolves, then ego evolves, and then mind evolves. These three constitute unconscious and inanimate Mind, which purusa animates into consciousness.

pramana

valid cognitive abilities: perception, inference, testimony, and analogy {pramana}.

prana

universe life-spirit {prana, Hinduism}.

pranayama

breath control {pranayama, Sanskrit}.

pratyahara

Sense numbing {pratyahara} involves focusing on interior and Self, rather than exterior world.

pratyaksa

perception {pratyaksa}.

prema

ecstatic love {prema}.

preta

ghost {preta}.

purana

ancient {purana, Sanskrit}.

purusa

selves with eternal inactive soul that animates inner Mind and transforms mental activity into conscious experience {purusa, Hinduism}.

purva

previous {purva}.

rasa

aesthetics {rasa}.

rig in Sanskrit

praise {rig, Sanskrit}.

rigpa

awareness {rigpa}.

rishi

People can have received Vedas {rishi}.

sakaravada

aspect assertion {sakaravada}.

sama in Sanskrit

balance or equality or sameness {sama, Sanskrit}.

samadhi in Sanskrit

merging of mind with Brahman {samadhi, Sanskrit}.

samatha

quiescence or quiet attention to something {samatha}.

samhita

Veda section {samhita}.

sammohana

greatly bewildering {sammohana}.

samprajanya

awareness of attention to something {samprajanya}.

samsara

eternal birth and death round {samsara, Sanskrit}. Perception or attention is knowledge of differentiation. The pure consciousness of God constantly manifests individual selves and objects of ordinary world, as both efficient and material cause.

samvarodaya

rain {samvarodaya}.

sannyasa

complete renunciation {sannyasa}.

sat in Sanskrit

being or existence {sat, Sanskrit}.

satya

truth {satya, Hinduism}.

selwa

clarity or luminousness {selwa}.

shastha

rules {shastha}.

shastra

education or knowledge, usually used as suffix {shastra}.

siddhi in Sanskrit

tricks or skills {siddhi, Sanskrit}.

smrti

mindfulness, awareness, or attention to something {smrti}.

sri

fortune {sri}.

sulba

alter {sulba}.

sunyata in Sanskrit

Void {sunyata, Sanskrit}.

sutra

short and unambiguous statement or aphorism or teachings {sutra}.

sutta

teachings or discourses {sutta}.

svacchanda

spontaneous {svacchanda}.

tantra in Sanskrit

In Hinduism, tantras {tantra, Sanskrit} are rituals and ideas, supposedly that Shiva gave to people. The One projects in two ways, as Shiva and Sakti, active male and passive female principles. Female is projected energy of male.

tantraraja

meditation {tantraraja}.

tapas in Sanskrit

psychic energy or spiritual fervor {tapas, Sanskrit}.

tapasya

self-inflicted act of suffering during tapas {tapasya}.

tat tuam asi

"That art Thou" {tat tuam asi}.

tatemae in Sanskrit

Communities have a group mind {tatemae, Sanskrit}, animated by consensus. Group mind takes precedence over individual mind. Minds must submit to gods' influences and interventions.

tattva

principles {tattva}.

upadesa

instruction {upadesa}.

upanishad

teaching of guru to disciple {upanishad, Sanskrit}.

upeksa

equanimity {upeksa}.

vajrapatala

striking thunderbolt {vajrapatala}.

vajrayogini

female thunderbolt {vajrayogini}.

varnada

auspicious {varnada}.

vayu

Tantric Buddhism has wind meditations {vayu}. Tibetan Buddhism wind meditation {tummo} {gtum mo} makes body heat.

veda

knowledge {veda}.

vijayottara

seed {vijayottara}.

vijnana in Sanskrit

In Hinduism, highest state of consciousness {vijnana, Sanskrit} means plenitude-of-knowledge.

vinashikha

precise guitar {vinashikha}.

vipasyana

insight or meditation for insight {vipasyana}.

viveka

discriminative insight into true Self {viveka}.

yagu

sacrifice rituals {yagu}.

yama in Sanskrit

asceticism {yama, Sanskrit}.

yoni

womb or divine passage {yoni}.

6-Linguistics-Languages-Sanskrit-Self

ahamkara

"I-maker" or ego {ahamkara}.

antahkarana

The unconscious and inanimate inner organ or Mind is constantly changing, moving, and being moved, in ordinary world of action and experience {antahkarana}.

atman in Sanskrit

self or inner self {atman, Sanskrit}.

svaya

self {svaya}.

6-Linguistics-Languages-Sanskrit-Gods

asura

titan {asura}.

deva

god {deva}.

gandharva

celestial musician {gandharva}.

isvara

Lord {isvara}.

kumbhanda

goblin {kumbhanda}.

naga

water god {naga}.

raksasa

giant monster {raksasa}.

yaksas

Dravidian fertility gods {yaksas}.

6-Linguistics-Languages-Sanskrit-Life

artha

First area of life {artha} is material possessions, means of getting them, and needs and desires for them. Artha knowledge allows prosperity and survival against world dangers. Kings especially need artha.

Arthasastra is Scriptural Texts of government. Arthasastra involves negotiation, aggression, bribery, treason, distrust, trickery, neglect, and proper tactics. Mandala of friends and enemies is an arthasastra principle. Enemies surround people. Around enemies is circle of friends. Enemies surround circle of friends, and so on. Circles keep everything in balance.

dharma in Sanskrit

The third area of human life {dharma, Sanskrit} is religious and moral duties. People can assimilate into society by playing their roles perfectly, without personality. People can follow laws exactly, with no choices to make. Social order depends on people performing their duties and roles. In this way, people can follow universal law and so gain virtue. People can live their lives as service to the One. People must do crafts in traditional ways. Crafts have gods. First books about dharma described Vedic-school social, ritual, and religious practices.

kama

Desire {kama} is second area of life. Kama is about pleasure and love.

moksa

Release {moksa, Hinduism} is the fourth area of human life. Moksa includes apavarga or completion, nivrtti or repose and passivity, and nirvrtti or bliss. Moksa is about redemption and spiritual release, which is life's final and ultimate aim. The first three areas of life are pursuits of the world. Moksa is release from world. Knowing or being conscious is knowledge of unified and true world.

6-Linguistics-Languages-Sanskrit-Matter Qualities

guna

matter qualities {guna}.

rajas as gunas

Guna {rajas, gunas} can be passion and change.

sattva

Guna {sattva, Sanskrit} can be truth and goodness.

tamas

Guna {tamas} can be inertia.

6-Linguistics-Languages-Sanskrit-Number

atharva

fourth or steady or unmoving {atharva}.

pancha

five {pancha} {panca}.

sapta

seven {sapta}.

6-Linguistics-Languages-Sanskrit-Person

brahmacharya

student {brahmacharya}.

charya

sage {charya}.

grihastha

householder {grihastha}.

guru in Sanskrit

Originally, people {guru, Sanskrit} taught Vedas. Now, teacher guides people in life. Pupils are obedient and reverent. They want to learn, never criticize, serve teacher, and have faith in teacher and his teaching. Gurus live their lives as models of Hindu philosophy. Compassion caused gurus to descend from enlightened state to illusory world to help others know true reality. Buddhism rejected the idea of gurus, in favor of personal reasoning.

maharaja

king or prince {maharaja} {maharajah}.

manu in Sanskrit

first man {manu, Sanskrit}.

matri

love or mother {matri}.

raja

ruler or prince {raja} {rajah}.

rani

princess or queen {rani} {ranee}.

risi

holy sage {risi}.

sadhu

Hindu ascetic or monk {sadhu}.

sambhara

master {sambhara}.

vanaprastha

forest dweller {vanaprastha}.

yogini

female yogi {yogini}.

6-Linguistics-Languages-Sanskrit-Person-Caste

brahmin in Sanskrit

priest {brahmin, Sanskrit}.

ksatriya

noble {ksatriya, Sanskrit} {khathruja, Sanskrit}.

mahatma

saint or sage {mahatma, Sanskrit}.

pariah

person with no caste {harajan, Sanskrit} {pariah, Sanskrit} {outcast, India}, whom no one should touch {untouchable, India}.

sudra

worker {sudra, Sanskrit}.

vaisya

merchant {vaisya, Sanskrit}.

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Date Modified: 2022.0225