Indo-European languages {Indo-European language family} started in Ukraine and Anatolia, near Black Sea and Caucasus Mountains, as Proto-Indo-European [-4000] and had same complexity as current languages. Indo-European has inflection, is synthetic, and has three genders.
Indo-European includes Germanic, Italic, Indo-Iranian, Celtic, Balto-Slavic, extinct Thraco-Phrygian, extinct Hittite, Greek, Albanian, Illyrian, Tokharian in Chinese Turkestan, Armenian, North Caucasian, and South Caucasian.
Proto-Indo-European has two main branches.
branch: 4000 years ago
Hittite and Luvian [-2000] came directly from one Proto-Indo-European branch.
branch: 5200 years ago
Tocharian A and Tocharian B [-500] branched [-3500] from the other Proto-Indo-European branch.
Later branch [-3200] branched [-2500] into Welsh and Old Irish [-500] and into Latin [-1000] and Umbrian and Oscan [-500].
Later branch [-3000 to -2500] branched [-2000] into Albanian and into Gothic [1] and later Old English and Old High German [500]. Later branch [-3000] branched [-1800] into Ancient Greek and Classical Armenian. Later branch [-2500] branched [-1800] into Vedic and Old Persian and into Prussian [1000] and Latvian and Lithuanian [1300].
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Date Modified: 2022.0224