Social science {geography} can be about continents, oceans, land features, water features, countries, and cities.
Lands {land} include canyons, capes, continents, hills, mountains, mountain ranges, and valleys.
{Plymouth Rock} Pilgrim landing site is in southeast Massachusetts.
{Point Barrow} Point is Alaska's northernmost tip.
{Hells Canyon} Canyon is on Oregon-Idaho border.
{King's Canyon} Canyon is in east central California.
{Cape Canaveral} Cape is in east Florida.
{Cape Cod} Cape is in southeast Massachusetts.
{Cape Horn} Cape is in south Argentina.
{Cape of Good Hope} Cape is in south South Africa.
{Cape Trafalgar} Cape is in southwest Spain.
{Barbary Coast} Ancient region went across North Africa from Atlantic to Egypt and included Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli.
{Cote d'Azur} Coast is in southeast France.
{Dalmatian Coast} Coast is in west Bosnia.
{Gold Coast} Coast is in west Africa.
{Riviera} Coast is in southeast France and northwest Italy.
{Slave Coast} Coast is in west Africa.
{Africa} Continent is between Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
{Americas} Continents are in Western Hemisphere.
{Antarctica} Continent is around South Pole. Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) circles it. Drake Passage separates it from South America, from which it broke off 41,000,000 years ago. Ice sheets formed 34,000,000 years ago.
{Asia} Indian, Pacific, and Arctic Oceans and Europe at Ural Mountains border continent.
{Australasia} Continent is Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, and Melanesia.
{Australia, continent} Continent is south of southeast Asia.
{Central America} Continent is south North America.
{Europe} Continent is between Asia and Atlantic Ocean.
{Middle East} Middle East or Mid East or Mideast continent is countries between Libya and Afghanistan in southwest Asia.
{Near East} Continent is in southeast Europe, north Africa, and southwest Asia.
{North America} Continent is in north Western Hemisphere.
{Polynesia} Islands are in central and south Pacific Ocean.
{South America} Continent is between South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans.
{Arabian Desert} Desert is in east Egypt.
{Bonneville Salt Flats} Level area is in Great Salt Lake Desert in Utah.
{Gobi Desert} Desert is in east-central Asia, in Mongolia.
{Great Salt Desert} Desert is in northwest Utah.
{Kalahari Desert} Desert is in south Botswana and Namibia.
{Mojave Desert} Desert is in southeast California.
{Painted Desert} Desert is in northwest Arizona.
{Sahara Desert} Desert is in north Africa.
{Salt Desert} Desert is in northeast Iran.
{Takla Makan Desert} Desert is north of Kunlun Mountains and southeast of Tien Shan Mountains in China.
{Thar Desert} Desert is in Pakistan and India.
{Ardennes Forest} Forest is in northeast France and southeast Belgium.
{Argonne Forest} Forest is in northeast France.
{Black Forest} Forest is in southwest Germany. It is also Schwarzwald.
{Sherwood Forest} Forest is in central England.
{Acropolis} Hill in Athens has Greek-temple ruins.
{Alhambra} Hill in Granada, Spain, has Moorish palace.
{Bunker Hill} Hill is in Boston.
{Calvary} Hill is near Jerusalem. It is also Golgotha.
{Capitoline Hill} Hill is in Rome.
{Diamond Head} Hill is in Honolulu, Hawaii.
{Golgotha, hill} Hill is near Jerusalem. Hill is also Calvary.
{Mount of Olives, hill} Ridge is east of Jerusalem.
{Mount Zion} Hill is near Jerusalem.
{Palatine Hill} Hill is in Rome.
{Quirinal Hill} Hill is in Rome.
Islands {island} are land surrounded by water.
{Ascension Island} United-Kingdom island is 7 degrees south of equator in middle South Atlantic Ocean.
{Saint Helena Island} United-Kingdom island is 15 degrees south of equator in middle South Atlantic Ocean.
{Tristan de Cunha Island} United-Kingdom island is 37 degrees south of equator in middle South Atlantic Ocean.
{Canary Islands} Spain islands are west of Morocco.
{Madeira Islands} Portugal islands are west of Morocco.
{Mayotte Islands} France islands are east of Malawi.
{Prince Edward Islands} South-Africa islands are south of South Africa at 45th parallel.
{Zanzibar} Tanzania island is east of Tanzania.
{Americas islands} Americas islands are in Central, North, and South America.
{Cayman Islands} United-Kingdom island is in west West Indies, east of Mexico.
{Hispaniola} Island is southeast of Florida.
{Leeward Islands} Islands are in West Indies.
{Martinique} Dominica island is in Lesser Antilles in Caribbean Sea.
{Netherlands Antilles} Netherlands Antilles contains Leeward Islands in north and Windward Islands in south. Leeward Islands are Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten. Windward Islands are Bonaire and Curacao.
{San Salvador Island} Island is in Bahamas.
{West Indies} Islands are in Caribbean Sea.
{Windward Islands} Islands are in West Indies.
{Acadia} Island is in southeast Canada. It was early name for Nova Scotia.
{Alcatraz Island} Island is in San Francisco Bay and has former prison.
{Aleutian Islands} Islands are southwest of Alaska.
{Bermuda} United-Kingdom island is east of Georgia. Capital is Hamilton. It formed over Bermuda hotspot, which first caused Central-North-American rift system in Dakotas and Mississippi-Valley rift system from Missouri to Louisiana and then moved east. Great Meteor hotspot is north of Bermuda hotspot and first caused St.-Lawrence rift system in Canada and upstate New York and then caused New-England sea mounts.
{Coney Island} Island is resort area in south Brooklyn.
{Ellis Island} Island is southwest of New York City.
{Florida Keys} Islands are in south Florida.
{Greenland} Denmark island is northeast of Canada and west of Iceland. Other name is Kataalit Nunaat.
{Guadelupe Island} Island is west of Baja California.
{Key Largo} Island is in south Florida.
{Long Island} Island is in southeast New York.
{Manhattan, island} Island is in New York City.
{Martha's Vineyard} Island is in southeast Massachusetts.
{Nantucket} Island is in east Massachusetts.
{Newfoundland Island} Island is east of Nova Scotia.
{Queen Charlotte Islands} Islands are west of British Columbia.
{Staten Island} Island is in southwest New York City.
{Vancouver Island} Island is west of Vancouver city.
{Devil's Island} Island is in north French Guyana and is former penal colony.
{Falkland Islands} United-Kingdom islands are east of Argentina south tip.
{Galapagos Island} Ecuador islands are far west of Ecuador.
{South Georgia Islands} United-Kingdom islands are east of Falkland Islands.
{Tierra del Fuego} Island is in south Argentina.
{Andaman Islands} Islands are west of Burma.
{Bali} Island is east of Java.
{Borneo} Island is north of Australia.
{Corregidor} Island is in north Philippines.
{East Indies} Islands contain India, Indochina, and Malay Archipelago or just Malay Archipelago.
{Formosa} Island is southeast of China. New name is Taiwan.
{Hainan} Island is south of China and east of Vietnam.
{Hokkaido} Island is in north Japan.
{Honshu} Island is in central Japan.
{Java} Island is in west Indonesia.
{Krakatoa} Volcano was between Sumatra and Java.
{Kuril} Islands are north of Japan and south of Kamchatka Peninsula.
{Kyushu} Island is in central Japan.
{Laccadive Islands} Islands are west of Malabar.
{Maldive Islands} Islands are south of Malabar.
{Moluccas} Islands are in Indonesia. Old name was Spice Islands.
{New Guinea} Island is north of Australia.
{Nicobar Islands} Islands are south of Burma.
{Okinawa} Island is in south Japan.
{Ryukyu} Islands are south of Japan.
{Shikoku} Island is in central Japan.
{Spice Islands} Islands are in Indonesia. New name is Moluccas.
{Sumatra} Island is in central Indonesia.
{Taiwan} Island is southeast of China. Old name was Formosa. Country is Republic of China.
{Auckland} Islands are south of New Zealand.
{Tasmania} Island is off southeast Australia.
{Aegina} Island is in southeast Greece.
{Azores} Portugal island is west of Portugal.
{British Isles} Islands contain Britain, Ireland, and smaller islands in United Kingdom and Ireland.
{Capri} Island is west of Naples, Italy.
{Corsica} Italy island is southeast of France.
{Crete} Island is in east Mediterranean Sea. Greece controls north. Turkey controls south.
{Cyclades Islands} Islands are north of Crete.
{Delos} Greece island is in south Aegean Sea, east of Attica. Paros, Naxos, Melos, and Thera islands are in Aegean Sea.
{Elba} Italy island is east of Corsica.
{Euboea} Greece island is east of Thebes and contains Chalcis.
{Gibraltar, island} Spain island is at west entrance to Mediterranean Sea.
{Hebrides Islands} Scotland islands are west of Scotland.
{Lesbos} Island is in east Greece, south of Hellespont, and contains Mytilene.
{Lido} Italy island is south of Venice.
{Majorca} Island is in southeast Spain.
{Malta} Italy island is south of Sicily.
{Mont-Saint-Michel} Island is in northwest France.
{Orkney Islands} Islands are in north Scotland.
{Pillars of Hercules, island} Spain islands are at west end of Mediterranean and are Rock of Gibraltar and Jebel Musa.
{Rialto} Island is in Venice, Italy.
{Sardinia} Italy island is off west Italy.
{Sicily} Island is in southwest Italy. Sicilia contains Messina, Catania, and Syracuse.
{Bora Bora} Island is in South Pacific Ocean.
{Caroline Islands} Islands are in west Pacific Ocean, southeast of Philippines, in Palau and Micronesia.
{Christmas Island} Islands are in central Pacific Ocean, at equator.
{Cook Islands} New-Zealand islands are in west Pacific Ocean between Samoa and French Polynesia.
{Easter Island} Peru island is in southeast Pacific Ocean.
{Gilbert Island} Island is in South Pacific Ocean.
{Guadalcanal} Island is in west Pacific Ocean.
{Guam} USA island is in west Pacific Ocean.
{Hawaiian Islands} USA islands are in central North Pacific Ocean. Old name was Sandwich Islands. Islands are Hawaii, Kahoolawe and Maui, Lanai, Molokai, Oahu with Honolulu, and Kauai, from east to west. Hawaii is biggest and has Mauna Loa volcano.
{Iwo Jima} Island is in west Pacific Ocean.
{Mariana Islands} Islands are in South Pacific Ocean.
{Marshall Islands, Polynesia} Islands are in South Pacific Ocean, east of Micronesia.
{Melanesia} Islands are in west Pacific Ocean in Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Tuvalu, northeast of Australia.
{Midway Island} Islands are in central North Pacific Ocean and are atolls.
{New Caledonia, island} France islands are in South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia.
{New Hebrides} Island is in South Pacific Ocean.
{Oahu} Island is in central North Pacific Ocean and is most populated island in Hawaii.
{Oceania} Islands are in central and south Pacific Ocean.
{Pitcairn Island} United-Kingdom island is in South Pacific Ocean, east of French Polynesia.
{Samoa, island} Islands are in west-central South Pacific Ocean, north of Tonga and south of Kiribati.
{Sandwich Islands} Islands are in central North Pacific Ocean. New name is Hawaiian Islands.
{Society Islands} Islands are in South Pacific Ocean.
{Solomon Islands, Polynesia} Islands are in South Pacific Ocean, east of Papua New Guinea.
{Tahiti, island} Island is in South Pacific Ocean.
{Tuamoto} Island is in South Pacific Ocean.
{Wake Island} Island is in south North Pacific Ocean.
{Corinth Isthmus} Isthmus is in central Greece.
{Panama Isthmus} Isthmus connects North America and South America.
Mountain ranges {mountain range} are mountain series.
{Atlas Mountains} Range is in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.
{Hoggar Mountains} Range is in south-central Sahara Desert.
{Tassili Mountains} Range is in central Sahara Desert.
{Tibesti Mountains} Range is in east Sahara Desert.
{Americas mountains} Ranges are in North and South America.
{Adirondack Mountains} Range is in northeast New York.
{Alaska Mountains} Range is in south-central Alaska.
{Allegheny Mountains} Range is in west Pennsylvania.
{Appalachian Mountains} Range is in east USA.
{Blue Ridge Mountains} Range is in west Virginia and is Appalachian-Mountain east mountain range.
{Catskills} Range is in southeast New York.
{Great Smoky Mountains} Range is on Tennessee-North Carolina border.
{Ozarks} Range is in north Arkansas, south Missouri, and northeast Oklahoma.
{Rocky Mountains} Range is in west North America, from north Alaska to central north Mexico.
{Sierra Nevada} Range is in east California. It is High Sierras.
{Andes Mountains} Range is on South-America west coast.
{Sugar Loaf Mountains} Range is in southeast Brazil, near Rio de Janeiro.
{Altai Mountains} Range is in central Asia.
{Himalayas} Range is in south Asia, north and northeast of India. They divide China from India.
{Hindu Kush} Range is in north India to Afghanistan.
{Karakorum Mountains} Range is in Kashmir.
{Kashmir Mountains} Range is in north India.
{Kunlun Mountains} Range is in south Asia, northeast of Himalayas, south of Takla Makan Desert.
{Tien Shan Mountains} Range is in south Asia, north of Kunlun Mountains, northwest of Takla Makan Desert, and northeast of Pamir Mountains.
{Alps} Range is in Switzerland and Italy.
{Apennines} Range is north to south Italy.
{Auvergne Mountains} Range is in south-central France.
{Carpathian Mountains} Range is in east-central Europe.
{Caucasian Mountains} Range is in southwest Russia.
{Dolomites} Range is in northeast Italy.
{Highlands} Range is in north Scotland.
{Maritime Alps} Range is in southeast France and northwest Italy.
{Olympia Mountains} Range is in northeast Greece.
{Pyrenees} Range is on Spain and France border.
{Ural Mountains} Range is in Russia between Europe and Asia.
Mountains {mountain} are peaks higher than hills.
{Mount Kilimanjaro} Mountain is in northeast Tanganyika.
{Vinson Massif} Mountain is highest mountain in Antarctica.
{Mount Aconcagua} Mountain is in central Argentina, near Chilean border, and is highest mountain in Western Hemisphere.
{Mauna Loa} Volcano is on Hawaii Island.
{Denali} Mountain is in central Alaska and is highest mountain in USA. Old name was Mt. McKinley.
{Mount Diablo} Mountain is in central California.
{Mount Haleakala} Dormant volcano is on Hawaii Island.
{Mount McKinley} Mountain is in central Alaska and is highest mountain in USA. New name is Denali (high one).
{Mount Rainier} Mountain is in west-central Washington.
{Mount Rushmore} Mountain is in west South Dakota and has sculptures of four Presidents: Washington, Lincoln, Jefferson, and Teddy Roosevelt.
{Mount Whitney} Mountain is in southeast-central California and is highest mountain in continental USA.
{Pikes Peak} Mountain is in east-central Colorado.
{K2} Mountain is in Karakorum Mountains, India, and is second highest mountain on Earth.
{Mount Everest} Mountain is on Nepal and Tibet border, in Himalayas, and is Earth's highest mountain.
{Mount Fujiyama} {Mt. Fuji} Mountain is in south-central Japan.
{Mount Ararat} Mountain is in east Turkey. Assyrian Urartu (Ararat) kingdom was there [-1100 to -700].
{Mount Carmel} Mountain is in northwest Palestine.
{Mount Gilead} Mountain is in west Jordan.
{Mount Horeb} Mountain is in Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. It is also Mt. Sinai.
{Mount Sinai} Mountain is in Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. It is also Mt. Horeb.
{Matterhorn} Mountain is on Switzerland and Italy border.
{Mont Blanc} Mountain is in southeast France.
{Mount Elbrus} Mountain is in Caucasian Range, Russia, and is Europe's highest mountain.
{Mount Etna} Volcano is in northeast Sicily. It is active and caused enormous avalanche and undersea mudslide [-6000], making huge tsunami.
{Mount Kazbek} Mountain is in southwest Russia.
{Mount Parnassus} Mountain is in central Greece.
{Mount Vesuvius} Volcano is near Naples, Italy.
{Donner Pass} Pass is in Sierra Nevada Mountains, California.
{Khyber Pass} Pass is on Afghanistan and Pakistan border.
{Thermopylae} Former pass is in east Greece.
{Arabian Peninsula} Peninsula is in southwest Asia and contains Saudi Arabia.
{Asia Minor} Peninsula is in southwest Turkey.
{Baja} Peninsula is in northwest Mexico, south of California.
{Balkan Peninsula} Peninsula is in southeast Europe and contains Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, and European Turkey. It is also the Balkans.
{Bataan Peninsula} Peninsula is in west Philippines.
{Crimea} Peninsula is in north Black Sea.
{Hispania} Peninsula is also Iberian Peninsula.
{Iberia} Peninsula is in southwest Europe and contains Spain and Portugal.
{Indochina Peninsula} Peninsula is in southeast Asia and contains Burma, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Malaysia.
{Jutland} Peninsula is in north Europe and contains Denmark.
{Labrador Peninsula} Peninsula is in east Canada.
{Malay Peninsula} Peninsula is in southeast Asia and contains Thailand and Malaysia.
{Peloponnesus} Peninsula is in southwest Greece and connects to Greece by Isthmus of Corinth.
{Sinai Peninsula} Peninsula is in northwest Egypt.
{Yucatan} Peninsula is in southeast Mexico.
{Chaco Plain} Plains are in central South America.
{Great Plains} Plains are in west-central USA and south-central Canada.
{Marathon Plain} Plain is northeast of Athens.
{Olympia Plain} Plain is in south Greece.
{Pampas} Plains are in central and north Argentina.
{Runnymede} Plain is in south England, on Thames River south bank.
{Salisbury Plain} Plain is in southwest England.
{Anahuac Plateau} Plateau is in central Mexico.
{Deccan Plateau} Deccan Plateau of west-central India has a region {Deccan Traps} with deep lava [-680000000 to -60000000]. The Western Ghats, near Mumbai, had 30 eruptions [-66000000] over 30,000 years.
{Iran Plateau} Plateau is in west-central Iran.
{Khorat Plateau} Plateau is in central Asia.
{Massif Central} Plateau is in central France.
{Ustyurt Plateau} Plateau is east of Caspian Sea.
{Great Barrier Reef} Coral reefs are in northeast Australia.
{Kingman Reef} Reefs are in central Pacific Ocean.
{Grand Banks} Shoals are off southeast Newfoundland.
{Outer Banks} Shoals are off east North Carolina.
{Death Valley} Arid valley is in east California and south Nevada.
{Squaw Valley} Valley is in east California.
Political divisions {political division} include cities, countries, provinces, regions, reservations, and states.
Cities {city, geography} have high population density.
{Abidjan, city} City is Ivory Coast capital.
{Accra} City is Ghana capital.
{Addis Ababa} City is Ethiopia capital.
{Alamein} Village in northwest Egypt was World-War-II battle site.
{Alexandria} Ancient and modern city is in north Egypt.
{Algiers} City is Algeria capital and port. Casbah is old section.
{Aswan} Aswan High Dam is in south Egypt.
{Baalbak} Ancient city is also Heliopolis.
{Benghazi} City is Libya capital.
{Brazzaville} City is Congo Republic capital and port.
{Cairo} City is Egypt capital and is on north Nile River.
{Capetown} City is in south South Africa.
{Carthage} Ancient city-state is northeast of Tunis.
{Casablanca} City is west Morocco port.
{Conakry} City is Guinea capital.
{Cyrene} Ancient city is in northeast Libya.
{Dakar} City is Senegal capital and port.
{Dar es Salaam} City is Tanganyika capital and port.
{Freetown} City is Sierra Leone capital.
{Giza} Pyramid site is in north Egypt.
{Heliopolis} Ancient city is in north Egypt.
{Hippo} Ancient city was in north Africa. Current name is Annaba.
{Homs} Ancient port's old name was Leptis Magna.
{Johannesburg} City is South Africa's largest and is in northeast South Africa.
{Kampala} City is Uganda capital.
{Khartoum} City is Sudan capital.
{Lagos} City is Nigeria capital and port.
{Leopoldville} City is Congo Republic capital.
{Leptis Magna} Ancient port's current name is Homs.
{Libreville} City is Gabon capital.
{Lourenco Marques} City is Mozambique capital and port.
{Luanda} City is Angola capital and port.
{Marrakech} City is in central Morocco.
{Memphis} Ancient city is near Cairo.
{Monrovia} City is Liberia capital.
{Nairobi} City is Kenya capital.
{Pretoria} City is South Africa capital.
{Rabat} City is Morocco capital.
{Rosetta} Rosetta Stone site is in north Egypt.
{Salisbury, city} City is Zimbabwe capital.
{Tangiers} City is Morocco port.
{Thebes, Egypt} Ancient city is in south Egypt.
{Timbuktu} City is in central Mali.
{Tripoli} City is Libya capital and port.
{Tunis} City is Tunisia capital.
{Hamilton} City is Bermuda capital.
{Havana, city} City is Cuba capital.
{Kingstown} City is Jamaica capital.
{Nassau} City is Bahamas capital.
{Port-au-Prince} City is Haiti capital and port.
{Port-of-Spain} City is Trinidad capital and port.
{San Juan} City is Puerto Rico capital.
{Santo Domingo} City is Dominican Republic capital and port.
{Guatemala City} City is Guatemala capital.
{Managua} City is Nicaragua capital.
{Panama City} City is Panama capital.
{Portobello} City and port is in east Panama, on Caribbean Sea.
{San Jose, Costa Rica} City is Costa Rica capital.
{San Salvador} City is El Salvador capital.
{Tegucigalpa} City is Honduras capital.
{Thule} City is in Greenland.
{Montreal} City is in south Canada.
{Ottawa, city} City is Canada capital and is in south-central Canada, in southeast Ontario.
{Quebec, city} City is in southeast Quebec.
{Toronto} City is in south-central Canada.
{Vancouver} City and port is in southwest British Columbia.
{Acapulco} Resort is in southwest Mexico.
{Ciudad Juarez} City is opposite El Paso, Texas, on Rio Grande River.
{Guadalajara} City is in west-central Mexico.
{Guadelupe} Mexican Indian, Juan Pablo, supposedly saw vision of an Indian Mary, now called Virgin of Guadelupe.
{Mayapan} Ancient Mayan capital is in southeast Mexico.
{Mexico City} City is Mexico capital. Murals are at National University. Floating Gardens are at Xochimilco.
{Monte Alba} Ancient Zatopec city is in south Mexico.
{Tenochtitlan} Aztec-Empire capital is near Mexico City.
{Teotihuacan} Toltec capital is in south central Mexico.
{Tijuana} City is in northwest Mexico, on USA border.
{Tula} Toltec capital is in central Mexico.
{Honolulu} City is Hawaii capital and port and is on Oahu Island. Waikiki is beach. Diamond Head is promontory.
{Juneau} City is Alaska capital and port.
{Akron} City famous for rubber products is in northeast Ohio.
{Baton Rouge} City is Louisiana capital.
{Birmingham, Alabama} City is in north-central Alabama.
{Bismarck} City is North Dakota capital.
{Chattanooga} City is Tennessee capital and is in southeast Tennessee.
{Chicago} City and port is in northeast Illinois.
{Cincinnati} City is in southwest Ohio, on Ohio River.
{Cleveland} City and port is in northeast Ohio, on Lake Erie.
{Columbus} City is Ohio capital.
{Des Moines} City is Iowa capital.
{Detroit} City is in southeast Michigan.
{Frankfort} City is Kentucky capital.
{Indianapolis} City is Indiana capital.
{Jackson} City is Mississippi capital.
{Lansing} City is Michigan capital.
{Lincoln} City is Nebraska capital.
{Little Rock} City is Arkansas capital.
{Madison} City is Wisconsin capital.
{Milwaukee} City is in southeast Wisconsin.
{Minneapolis} City is Minnesota capital and is in southeast Minnesota.
{Montgomery} City is Alabama capital.
{Nashville} City is in central Tennessee.
{New Orleans} City and port is in southeast Louisiana.
{Omaha, city} City is in east Nebraska.
{Pierre} City is South Dakota capital.
{Springfield, Illinois} City is Illinois capital and is in central Illinois.
{St. Louis} City is in east Missouri.
{St. Paul} City is Minnesota capital.
{Tallahassee} City is Florida capital.
{Topeka} City is Kansas capital.
{Twin Cities} Cities are Minneapolis and St. Paul.
{Albany} City is New York capital.
{Allentown} City is in east Pennsylvania.
{Ann Arbor} City has University of Michigan and is in southeast Michigan.
{Annapolis} City is Maryland capital and port, has USA Naval Academy, and is in east Maryland.
{Appomattox} City is in central Virginia.
{Atlanta} City is in Georgia.
{Atlantic City} Resort is in southeast New Jersey.
{Augusta} City is Maine capital.
{Baltimore} Fort McHenry site and port is on Chesapeake Bay.
{Boston} City is port.
{Buffalo} City is in west New York, on Lake Erie.
{Cambridge, Massachusetts} City is in east Massachusetts.
{Charleston, South Carolina} City is South Carolina port.
{Charleston, West Virginia} City is West Virginia capital.
{Charlotte} City is in west North Carolina.
{Chautauqua} Cultural resort is in west New York.
{Columbia, city} City is South Carolina capital.
{Concord} City is New Hampshire capital.
{District of Columbia} Federal district between Virginia and Maryland is Washington.
{Dover, Delaware} City is Delaware capital.
{Fort Lauderdale} City is in southeast Florida.
{Gettysburg} Town is in south-central Pennsylvania.
{Harpers Ferry} City is in west Maryland, next to West Virginia.
{Harrisburg} City is Pennsylvania capital.
{Hartford} City is Connecticut capital.
{Key West} Town is in southwest Florida.
{Kitty Hawk} Town is in east North Carolina.
{Macon} City is Georgia capital.
{Miami, city} City and port is in southeast Florida.
{Montpelier} City is Vermont capital.
{New York City} City and port is in southeast New York. Manhattan Island is a borough. Bronx is a borough, northeast of Manhattan. Brooklyn is a borough, on southwest Long Island. Queens is a borough, east of Brooklyn. Harlem is on Manhattan Island. Greenwich Village is in lower west Manhattan. New Amsterdam is former Dutch name for New York City.
{Newark} City and port is in northeast New Jersey.
{Philadelphia} City and port is in southeast Pennsylvania.
{Pittsburgh} City is in southwest Pennsylvania.
{Providence} City is Rhode Island capital.
{Raleigh} City is North Carolina capital.
{Richmond} City is Virginia capital.
{Salem, Massachusetts} City is in west Massachusetts.
{Savannah} City and port is in northeast Georgia.
{Springfield, Massachusetts} City is Massachusetts capital and is in west Massachusetts.
{Trenton} City is New Jersey capital.
{Washington, DC} USA capital is between Virginia and Maryland. Foggy Bottom is Potomac-River section.
{Abilene} City is in west central Texas.
{Albuquerque} City is in central New Mexico.
{Amarillo} City is in northwest Texas.
{Anaheim} City is in southwest California.
{Anchorage} City and port is in south-central Alaska.
{Arlington} City is in north Texas.
{Austin} City is Texas capital.
{Berkeley} City is in west-central California and has University of California.
{Beverly Hills} City is in southwest California.
{Boise} City is Idaho capital.
{Burbank} City is in southwest California.
{Carson City} City is Nevada capital.
{Cheyenne, city} City is Wyoming capital.
{Dallas} City is in northeast Texas.
{Denver} City is in central Colorado.
{El Paso} City is in west Texas tip.
{Helena} City is Montana capital.
{Hollywood} City is northwest of Los Angeles.
{Houston} City and port is in southeast Texas.
{Las Vegas} City is in south Nevada.
{Los Angeles} City and port is in southwest California.
{Oakland} City and port is east of San Francisco.
{Oklahoma City} City is Oklahoma capital.
{Phoenix} City is Arizona capital.
{Portland} City and port is in northwest Oregon.
{Reno} City is in west-central Nevada.
{Sacramento} City is California capital.
{Salem, Oregon} City is Oregon capital.
{Salt Lake City} City is Utah capital.
{San Antonio} City is in south Texas.
{San Diego} City and port is in southwest California.
{San Francisco} City and port is in west-central California.
{San Jose, California} City is in west-central California.
{Santa Fe} City is New Mexico capital.
{Seattle} City and port is in west Washington.
{Spokane} City is Washington capital.
{Asuncion} City is Paraguay capital.
{Bogota} City is Colombia capital.
{Brasilia} City is Brazil capital and is in central Brazil.
{Buenos Aires} City is Argentina capital and port and is in southeast Argentina.
{Caracas} City is Venezuela capital.
{Cayenne} City is French Guyana capital.
{Georgetown} City is Guyana capital.
{La Paz} City is Bolivia capital.
{Lima} City is Peru capital.
{Montevideo} City is Uruguay capital and port.
{Paramirabo} City is Surinam capital.
{Quito} City is Ecuador capital.
{Rio de Janeiro} City and port is in southeast Brazil.
{Salvador} City and port is in northeast Brazil.
{Santiago} City is Chile capital.
{Sao Paulo} City is in southeast Brazil.
{Sucre} City is Bolivia capital.
{Alma-Ata} City is Kazakhstan capital.
{Angkor} Ancient Khmer capital is in northwest Cambodia.
{Ashkhabad} City is Turkmenistan capital.
{Ayutthaya} {Ayuthia} Old Siam capital is north of Bangkok.
{Bangkok} {Venice of the East} It has canals. City is Thailand capital and port.
{Bishkek} City is Kyrgyzstan capital.
{Bokhara} City is west of Samarkand and northeast of Merv, on Silk Road near Oxus River.
{Colombo} City is Sri Lanka capital and port.
{Dacca} City is Bangladesh capital.
{Djakarta} {Jakarta} City is Indonesia capital and port and is in northwest Java.
{Dushanbe} City is Tajikistan capital.
{Herat} City is in northwest Afghanistan, south of Merv.
{Kandahar} City is southwest of Kabul, near Hindu Kush Mountains.
{Karakorum} Ancient city was Mongol Empire capital and is in Outer Mongolia.
{Kashgar} City is south of Tien Shan Mountains, northeast of Pamir Mountains, and west of Takla Makan Desert.
{Kabul} City is Afghanistan capital and is in east-central Afghanistan, south of Hindu Kush Mountains and west of Khyber Pass.
{Katmandu} City is Nepal capital.
{Kuala Lumpur} City is Malaysia capital.
{Lhasa} City is Tibet capital.
{Luang Prabang} City is Laos capital.
{Manila} City is Philippines port in west Philippines.
{Merv} City is north of Herat and southwest of Bokhara, on Silk Road.
{Novosibirsk} City is in southwest Russia.
{Phnom Penh} City is Cambodia capital.
{Pyongyang} {Pyong Yang} City is North Korea capital.
{Quezon City} City is Philippines capital.
{Rangoon} City is Burma/Myanmar capital and port.
{Samarkand} City is in south Kazakhstan, north of northeast Iran.
{Sarai} City is north of Caspian Sea, on Trans-Asia trade route.
{Seoul} City is South Korea capital.
{Singapore, city} City is Singapore capital and port and is on south Malay Peninsula.
{Taipei} City is Republic of China capital.
{Tashkent} City is Uzbekistan capital and is east of Bokhara and northeast of Samarkand, on Silk Road.
{Ulan Bator} City is Mongolia capital.
{Vientiane} City is Laos capital.
{Vladivostok} City and port is in east Russia.
{Beijing} City is China capital and is in northeast China, south of Great Wall. It is also Peking or Kaanbaligh.
{Canton} City and port is in southeast China.
{Chunking} City is in southwest-central China.
{Hong Kong} Former British colony and port is in southeast China.
{Khambalik} Ancient Mongol capital is near Beijing.
{Mukden} City was in northeast China. Manchu site had Holy Road lined with 36 large animal and people statues.
{Nanjing} City is in east China. Old name was Nanking.
{Shanghai} City and port is in east China.
{Tientsin} City and port is in northeast China.
{Wuhan} City is in east-central China.
{Agra} Mogul Empire capital is south of Delhi.
{Bombay} City and port is in west India. New name is Mumbai.
{Calcutta} City and port is in east India, near Bangladesh. New name is Kolkata.
{Delhi} City is in central India.
{Golconda} Ancient city is in central India.
{Kolkata} City and port is in east India, near Bangladesh. Old name was Calcutta.
{Mumbai} City and port is in west India. Old name was Bombay.
{New Delhi} City is India capital and is in north-central India.
{Surat} City and port is in west India, on Narmada River, north of Bombay.
{Akita} City is in northwest Honshu.
{Hiroshima} City and port is in southwest Japan.
{Kobe} City is in south Japan.
{Kyoto} Ancient capital is in west-central Japan.
{Osaka} City is in south Japan.
{Tokyo} City is Japan capital. Ginza is entertainment district.
{Yokohama} City and port is in southeast Japan.
{Acre} Ancient and modern city is in northwest Israel.
{Aden, city} City is Aden capital.
{Aleppo} City is in north Syria.
{Amman} City is Jordan capital.
{Babylon, city} Ancient Babylonia capital is near lower Euphrates River.
{Baghdad} City is Iraq capital and is on middle Tigris River.
{Beersheba} City is in south Palestine.
{Beirut} City is Lebanon capital. Old name is Beyrouth.
{Bethlehem, city} City is near Jerusalem.
{Capernaum} Ancient city is on Sea of Galilee.
{Ctesiphon} Ancient city is in central Iraq, on Tigris River.
{Damascus} City is Syria capital.
{Erech} Ancient city in Iraq is also Uruk.
{Gaza} City is in south Palestine, on Mediterranean Sea.
{Gomorra} Ancient city is in south Palestine.
{Hormuz} Ancient town is in south Iran.
{Jaffa} Former port is in southwest Tel Aviv, in west Israel.
{Jericho} Ancient city is north of Dead Sea.
{Jerusalem} City is Israel capital and is northwest of Dead Sea.
{Kuwait City} City is Kuwait capital.
{Mecca, city} City is Muslim religious center.
{Muscat} City is Muscat and Oman capital.
{Nazareth, city} City is in north Israel.
{Nineveh} Ancient capital is in central Assyria.
{Pasargadae} Ancient city is in southwest Iran.
{Persepolis} Ancient city is in southwest Iran.
{Qumran} Dead Sea Scrolls site is northwest of Dead Sea.
{Riyadh} City is Saudi Arabia capital.
{Seleucis} Ancient city is on Tigris River.
{Sidon} City and port is in southwest Lebanon.
{Sodom} Ancient city is near Jordan River.
{Susa} Ancient city is in southwest Iran.
{Tehran} City is Iran capital and is in north-central Iran.
{Tel Aviv} City is Israel port.
{Tyre} Ancient Phoenicia capital is in south Lebanon.
{Ur, city} Ancient Sumer city is in south Iraq.
{Uruk} Ancient Iraq city is also Erech.
{Ankara} City is Turkey capital and is in central Turkey. Former name was Angora.
{Antioch} Ancient city is in west-central Turkey.
{Bursa} City is in northwest Turkey.
{Caesarea} Ancient town and port is in Asia Minor.
{Constantinople} City is in northwest Turkey, at southeast Europe tip. New name is Istanbul. Golden Horn is harbor. Stamboul is old port.
{Ephesus} Ancient city is in west Asia Minor.
{Ilium} Ancient city is in northwest Asia Minor. It is also Troy.
{Istanbul} City is in west Turkey, at southeast Europe tip. Old name was Constantinople.
{Miletus} Ancient city is on Asia-Minor west coast.
{Philippi} Ancient town was in northeast Asia Minor.
{Sardis} Ancient city is in west Asia Minor, in Lydia.
{Tarsus} City is in south Turkey.
{Troy} Ancient city is in northwest Asia Minor. It is also Ilium.
{Ahmadabad} City is Gujurat province capital.
{Harappa} Prehistoric civilization site is in east Pakistan.
{Islamabad} City is in Pakistan capital.
{Karachi} City and port is former capital, is in south Pakistan, and is largest Pakistan city.
{Lahore} City, Garden of Mughals, is Punjab province capital and second-largest Pakistan city.
{Rawalpindi} City is in Potwar Plateau in Punjab, near Islamabad.
{Da Nang} City and port is in south Vietnam.
{Dien Bien Phu} Northwest Vietnam village was battle site [1954].
{Haiphong} City and port is in north Vietnam.
{Hanoi} City is Vietnam capital and is in north Vietnam.
{Ho Chi Minh City} City and port is in south Vietnam. Old name was Saigon.
{Saigon} Inland port city new name is Ho Chi Minh City.
{Adelaide} City is in south Australia.
{Canberra} City is Australia capital.
{Melbourne} City is port in east Australia.
{Sydney} City and port is in southeast Australia.
{Wellington} City is New Zealand capital.
{Baku} City is Azerbaijan capital and port and is on Caspian Sea.
{Belgrade} City is Serbia capital and is on Sava and Danube Rivers. It is also Beograd.
{Bucharest} City is Romania capital.
{Budapest} City is Hungary capital and is on Danube River.
{Copenhagen} City is Denmark capital and port.
{Helsinki} City is Finland capital and port.
{Heraklion} Ancient city is in north Crete.
{Kiev} City is Ukraine capital.
{Kishinev} City is Moldava capital.
{Knossos} Ancient capital is also Cnossus.
{Lisbon} City is Portugal capital and port.
{Luxembourg, city} City is Luxembourg capital.
{Minsk} City is Belarus capital.
{Monte Carlo} City is Monaco capital.
{Odessa} City and port is in south Ukraine, on Black Sea.
{Oslo} City is Norway capital.
{Prague} City is Czech Republic capital.
{Reykjavik} City is Iceland capital and port.
{Riga} City is on Baltic Sea. City is Latvia capital and port.
{Salamis} Ancient city and port is in east Cyprus.
{Sarajevo} City is Bosnia capital.
{Sevastopol} City and port is on Black Sea.
{Sofia} City is Bulgaria capital.
{Stockholm} City is Sweden capital and port and is in east Sweden.
{Tallinn} City is Estonia capital.
{Tbilisi} City is Georgia capital.
{Tirana} City is Albania capital.
{Vilnius} City is Lithuania capital.
{Yalta} City and port is on Black Sea.
{Yerevan} City is Armenia capital.
{Austerlitz} Town is near where Napoleon fought battle.
{Vienna} City is Austria capital and is on Danube River.
{Antwerp} City is port city.
{Brussels} City is Belgium capital.
{Spa} City is in east Belgium.
{Waterloo} Last Napoleon battle site is in central Belgium.
{Ascot} Village is horse-race site.
{Birmingham, England} City is in west-central England.
{Cambridge, England} City is in east England.
{Canterbury} Cathedral site is in southeast England.
{Coventry} City is in central England.
{Dover, England} City and port is in southeast England.
{Durham} Cathedral site is in north England.
{Liverpool} City and port is in northwest England.
{London} City is United Kingdom capital and is in southeast England. Soho district is in central London. Greenwich is borough in southeast London. Wimbledon is borough southwest of London and is tennis tournament site. Windsor is borough west of London.
{Manchester} City is in northwest England.
{Oxford} City is west northwest of London.
{Southampton} City and port is in south England.
{Stratford on Avon} Town is in central England.
{York} City is in north England.
{Aix-la-Chapelle} Charlemagne's residence is in east France, near Dutch and Belgian borders. It is also Aachen, Germany.
{Avignon} City is in southeast France.
{Bordeaux, city} City and port is in southwest France.
{Boulogne} City and port is in north France.
{Calais} City and port is in north France.
{Cannes} Film festival site and port is in southeast France.
{Chartres} Cathedral site is in north-central France.
{Cluny} Town had monastery.
{Dijon} City is in east France.
{Dunkirk} City and port is in north France.
{Fontainebleau} City is south southeast of Paris.
{Le Havre} City and port is in north France.
{Le Mans} City is in northwest France.
{Lourdes} "miracle" site is in southwest France.
{Lyon} City is in southeast-central France. Lyon was Lugdunum or Lyons.
{Marseilles} City and port is in southeast France.
{Orleans} City is in north-central France.
{Paris, city} City is France capital. Montmartre is in north-central Paris. Montparnasse is in south-central Paris.
{Rheims} Cathedral site is in northeast France.
{Rouen} City is in northwest France, northwest of Paris.
{St. Denis} City is north northeast of Paris.
{Verdun} City is in northeast France.
{Versailles} City is in north France, near Paris.
{Aachen} Charlemagne's residence is in west Germany, near Dutch and Belgian borders. It is also Aix-la-Chapelle, France.
{Augsburg} City is in west Germany.
{Berchtesgarden} Town is in southwest Germany.
{Berlin} City is Germany capital and is in north-central Germany.
{Bonn} Post-war West Germany capital is in west Germany.
{Cologne} Cathedral site is in west Germany.
{Dresden} City is in east Germany.
{Dusseldorf} City is in west Germany, on Rhine River.
{Essen and Dortmund} City is in Germany.
{Frankfurt} City is in west Germany.
{Hamburg} City and port is in north Germany.
{Munchen} City is in southwest Germany. It is also Munich.
{Munich} City is in southwest Germany. It is also Munchen.
{Nuremburg} City is in west Germany.
{Potsdam} City is in east Germany.
{Stuttgart} City is in west Germany.
{Worms} City is in west Germany, on Rhine River.
{Actium} Ancient town is in west Greece.
{Argos} Ancient city-state is in south Greece, in east Peloponnesus.
{Athens} City is Greece capital.
{Aulis} City and port is in east Greece.
{Corinth} City and port is in west-central Greece.
{Delphi, city} Ancient town is in west-central Greece, north of Peloponnesus, in Boeotia.
{Eleusis} Ancient city is in east Greece.
{Lacedaemon} City is in south Greece. It is also Sparta.
{Mycenae} Ancient city is in south Greece.
{Piraeus} Athens port is in southeast Greece.
{Sparta} City is in south Greece, in Messenia. It is also Lacedaemon.
{Thebes, Greece} Ancient city is in east Greece.
{Thessalonika} City and port is in north Greece.
{Tiryns} Ancient city is in south Greece.
{Belfast} City is Northern Ireland capital.
{Blarney} Village is in southwest Ireland.
{Cork} City is in south Ireland.
{Dublin} City is Ireland capital and port and is in east Ireland.
{Londonderry} City is Northern Ireland port.
{Bologna} City is in north Italy.
{Cannae} Ancient town is in southeast Italy.
{Elea} Ancient city is in east Italy.
{Florence} City is in central Italy, on Arno River.
{Genoa} City and port is in northwest Italy.
{Herculaneum} Ancient city destroyed by Mt. Vesuvius eruption is in south Italy.
{Messina} City and port is in northeast Sicily.
{Milan} City is in north Italy.
{Naples} City and port is in southwest Italy.
{Pisa} City is in west-central Italy.
{Pompeii} Ancient city is southeast of Naples.
{Ravenna} City is in north Italy, near Adriatic Sea.
{Rome} City is Italy capital and is on Tiber River. Rome has seven hills, including Palatine, Capitoline, and Quirinal. Rome has Field of Mars.
{Syracuse} Ancient city and port is in southwest Sicily.
{Trent} City is in north Italy.
{Urbino} City is in central Italy.
{Venice} City and port is in north Italy.
{Amsterdam} City is Netherlands port.
{Delft} City is in southwest Netherlands.
{The Hague} City is Netherlands capital.
{Danzig} City and port is in north Poland. It is also Gdansk.
{Gdansk} City and port is in north Poland. It is also Danzig.
{Krakow} City is in south Poland.
{Warsaw} City is Poland capital.
{Archangel} City and port is in northwest Russia, on White Sea.
{Leningrad} City and port is in northwest Russia, on Baltic Sea. Current name is St. Petersburg.
{Moscow} City is Russia capital and is in west-central Russia.
{Novgorod} Medieval principality is in northwest Russia.
{St. Petersburg} City is in northwest Russia, on Baltic Sea. Soviet name was Leningrad.
{Stalingrad} City is in south-central Russia, on Volga River. Another name is Volgograd.
{Volgograd} City is in southwest Russia, on Volga River. Another name is Stalingrad.
{Aberdeen} City and port is in northeast Scotland.
{Dumbarton} City is in west-central Scotland.
{Edinburgh} City is Scotland capital and is in east Scotland.
{Glasgow} City and port is in southeast Scotland.
{Barcelona} City is in northeast Spain.
{Cadiz} City is in southwest Spain.
{Cordoba} City is in south Spain.
{Granada} City is in south Spain.
{Madrid} City is Spain capital.
{Pamplona} Running of the bulls site is in north Spain.
{Seville} City is in southwest Spain.
{Valencia} City and port is in east Spain.
{Basel} City is in northwest Switzerland.
{Bern} City is Switzerland capital and is in northwest and central Switzerland.
{Geneva} City is in southwest Switzerland.
{St. Moritz} Village is on Inn River.
{Zurich} City is in central Switzerland.
{Pago Pago} City is American Samoa capital. Another name is Pango Pango.
{Pango Pango} City is American Samoa capital. Another name is Pago Pago.
Countries {country} have languages and cultures.
{Africa countries} Africa has north, south, east, west, and equatorial countries.
{Abyssinia} Ancient country is in northeast Africa, southeast of Sudan. New name is Ethiopia.
{Djibouti} Country is in east-central Africa, on Gulf of Aden. Capital is Djibouti.
{Eritrea} Country is in northeast Africa, on Red Sea. Capital is Asmara.
{Ethiopia} Country is in east Africa, southeast of Sudan, and makes coffee, chat narcotic, banana-like ensete, and oily noog. Capital is Addis Ababa.
{Kenya} Country is in east Africa, south of Ethiopia, on Indian Ocean. Capital is Nairobi. It has Lake Victoria. It has Lake Turkana. It has Mt. Kenya. It has Mt. Kilimanjaro.
{Somalia} Country is in east Africa, east of Ethiopia. Capital is Mogadishu.
{Tanganyika} Country is in east Africa. New name is Tanzania. It has Lake Tanganyika. It has Lake Victoria. It has Mt. Kilimanjaro.
{Tanzania} Country is in east Africa, south of Kenya. Old name was Tanganyika. Capital is Dodoma. Port is Dar Es Saalam.
{Belgian Congo} Colony was in central Africa, north of Angola. New name is Republic of Congo.
{Burundi} Country is in east central Africa, between Congo and Tanzania. Capital is Bujumbura.
{Cameroon} Country is in west Africa, southeast of Nigeria. Capital is Yaounde.
{Central African Republic} Country is in central Africa, north of Congo. Capital is Bangui.
{Congo Republic} Country is in west-central Africa, south of Gabon. Capital is Brazzaville. It has Congo River.
{Democratic Republic of Congo} Country is in west-central Africa, east of Congo. Capital is Kinshasa. It has Congo River.
{Equatorial Guinea} Country is in west central Africa, between Cameroon and Gabon. Capital is Malabo.
{Gabon} Country is in west central Africa, north of Congo. Capital is Libreville.
{Rwanda} Country is in east-central Africa, between Uganda and Burundi. Capital is Kigali.
{Sao Tome and Principe} Country is islands west of Gabon. Capital is Sao Tome.
{Uganda} Country is in east Africa, west of Kenya. Capital is Kampala. It has Lake Victoria.
{Algeria} Country is in northwest Africa, south of Spain, and has oil. Capital is Algiers. Main cities are Constantine and Oran. It has Atlas Mountains.
{Chad} Country is in north central Africa, south of Libya. Capital is N'Djamena. It has Lake Chad.
{Cush or Kush} Ancient country was in south Egypt, on Nile River. It is also Kush.
{Egypt} Country is in northeast Africa, on Mediterranean and Red Sea. Capital is Cairo. It has Lake Nasser.
{Libya} Country is in north Africa, west of Egypt, and has oil. Capital is Tripoli.
{Mali} Country is in northwest Africa, south of Algeria and east of Mauritania. Capital is Bamako.
{Mauritania} Ancient and modern country is in northwest Africa, west of Mali. Capital is Nouakchott.
{Morocco} Country is in northwest Africa, south of Spain. Capital is Rabat. Main cities are Marrakech, Casablanca, and Fes. It has Atlas Mountains. It has Mt. Jobel Toubkai.
{Niger} Ancient and modern country is in north central Africa, north of Nigeria. Capital is Niamey.
{Nubia} Ancient kingdom was in south Egypt and north Sudan. It is Upper Egypt.
{Numidia} Ancient country was in north Algeria.
{Spanish Sahara} Colony was in northwest Africa. New name is Western Sahara.
{Sudan} Country is in northeast Africa, south of Egypt. Capital is Khartoum.
{Tunisia} Country is in north Africa, between Algeria and Libya. Capital is Tunis.
{Western Sahara} Country is in northwest Africa, south of Morocco, and is Morocco territory. It is associated with Morocco.
{Angola} Country is in southwest Africa, south of Congo. Capital is Luanda.
{Basutoland} Previous country was in South Africa.
{Bechuanaland} Previous country was in South Africa.
{Botswana} Country is in south Africa, north of South Africa. Capital is Gaborone.
{Comoros} Country is islands east of Malawi. Capital is Moroni.
{Lesotho} Country is inside South Africa. Capital is Maseru.
{Madagascar} Large island is east of Mozambique. New name is Malagasy. Capital is Antananarivo.
{Malagasy} Large island is east of Mozambique. Old name was Madagascar.
{Malawi} Country is in northwest Mozambique. Capital is Lilongwe. It has Lake Malawi or Lake Nyasa.
{Mauritius} Country is islands east of Madagascar. Capital is Port Louis.
{Mozambique} Country is in southeast Africa, between Tanzania and South Africa. Capital is Maputo. It has Zambesi River.
{Namibia} Country is in southwest Africa, between Angola and South Africa. Old name was Southwest Africa. Capital is Windhoek.
{Northern Rhodesia} Colony was in east Africa.
{Nyasaland} Previous country was in South Africa.
{Rhodesia} Country is in south-central Africa, north of South Africa and west of Mozambique, and has copper, coal, manganese, iron, and uranium. New name is Zimbabwe.
{Seychelles} Country is islands far east of Tanzania. Capital is Victoria.
{South Africa} Country is in southernmost Africa and has industry and diamonds. Capital is Pretoria. Main cities are Johannesburg in northeast, Cape Town at Cape of Good Hope, and Durban on east coast. Orange River is in west.
{Southern Rhodesia} Colony was in east Africa.
{Southwest Africa} Country is in southwest Africa. New name is Namibia.
{Swaziland} Country is in South Africa. Capital is Mbabane.
{Transvaal} Country was in South Africa. Newer name was Boer Republic.
{Zambia} Country is in south Africa, south of Congo, and has copper, coal, manganese, iron, and uranium. Capital is Lusaka.
{Zimbabwe} Country is in south Africa, north of South Africa and west of Mozambique. Capital is Harare.
{Abidjan, country} Country is in Ivory Coast.
{Benin, country} Ancient and modern country is in west central Africa, between Togo and Nigeria. Capital is Porto-Novo.
{Burkino-Faso} Country is in west-central Africa, north of Ghana. Capital is Ougadougou.
{Cape Verde Islands} Island country is west of Senegal. Capital is Praia.
{Dahomey} Previous country was in west Africa.
{French Somali} Colony was in west Africa.
{Gambia} Country is in west Africa, in Senegal. Capital is Banjui.
{Ghana} Country is in west Africa, east of Ivory Coast. It was also an ancient country in west Mali. Capital is Accra.
{Guinea, country} Country is in west Africa, south of Senegal. Capital is Conakry.
{Guinea-Bissau} Country is in west Africa, between Guinea and Senegal. Capital is Bissau.
{Ivory Coast} Country is in west Africa, west of Ghana (Gold Coast) and east of Liberia. Capital is Yamous.
{Liberia} Country is in west Africa, west of Ivory Coast. Capital is Monrovia.
{Nigeria} Country is in west Africa, between Cameroon and Benin, and has oil. Capital is Abuja.
{Rio Muni} Previous country is in Africa.
{Senegal} Country is in west Africa, between Mauritania and Guinea. Capital is Dakar.
{Sierra Leone} Country is in west Africa, between Liberia and Guinea. Capital is Freetown.
{Togo} Country is in west Africa, between Ghana and Benin. Capital is Lome.
{Upper Volta} Previous country was in west Africa.
{Zaire} Previous country was in west-central Africa and has copper, coal, manganese, iron, and uranium.
{Americas countries} Americas countries are in Caribbean, Central America, North America, and South America.
{Caribbean countries} Caribbean countries are in Greater and Lesser Antilles.
{Cuba} Island country is south of Florida in Greater Antilles. Capital is Havana. Another city is Santiago de Cuba.
{Dominican Republic} Country is on Hispaniola Island east side, in Greater Antilles in West Indies. Capital is Santo Domingo.
{Haiti} Country is on Hispaniola Island west side, in Greater Antilles in West Indies. Capital is Port au France.
{Jamaica} Island country is in Greater Antilles in west West Indies, south of Cuba. Capital is Kingston.
{Puerto Rico} Island is in Greater Antilles in east West Indies, east of Dominican Republic. Capital is San Juan.
{Virgin Islands} Country is in Greater Antilles in east West Indies, east of Puerto Rico.
{Antigua and Barbuda} Island is in Lesser Antilles in east West Indies, east of Virgin Islands.
{Barbados} Island is in Lesser Antilles in southeast West Indies, southeast of Santa Lucia.
{Dominica} Country is in Lesser Antilles in Caribbean Sea, north of Santa Lucia. It has Martinique and Guadelupe Islands.
{Santa Lucia} Country is in Lesser Antilles in southeast West Indies, north of Grenada.
{St. Kitts and Nevis} Country is in Lesser Antilles in southeast West Indies, south of Antigua.
{St. Vincent and the Grenadines} Country is in Lesser Antilles in southeast West Indies, south of Santa Lucia.
{Trinidad and Tobago} Islands are in Lesser Antilles in southeast West Indies, northeast of Venezuela.
{Belize} Country is in northeast Central America, north of Honduras, on Caribbean. Old name is British Honduras. Capital is Belmopan.
{British Honduras} Country is in east Central America, north of Honduras, on Caribbean. New name is Belize.
{Costa Rica} Country is in south Central America, north of Panama. Capital is San Jose.
{El Salvador} Country is in northwest Central America, west of Honduras, on Pacific. Capital is San Salvador.
{Guatemala} Country is in northwest Central America, south of Mexico. Capital is Guatemala City.
{Honduras} Country is in east central Central America, north of Nicaragua, on Caribbean. Capital is Tegucigalpa.
{Nicaragua} Country is in central Central America, north of Costa Rica. Capital is Managua. It has Lake Nicaragua.
{Panama} Country is in south Central America, south of Costa Rica. Capital is Panama City.
{Bahamas} Country and islands are southeast of Florida. Capital is Nassau.
{Canada} Country is in north North America, north of USA. Capital is Ottawa. Main cities are Quebec in Quebec province, Montreal, Toronto, Winnepeg in Manitoba province, Edmonton in Alberta province, and Vancouver in British Columbia province. It has Mt. Logan in northwest. It has Great Bear Lake and Great Slave Lake, in north. It has Southern Indian Lake, Reindeer Lake, and Lake Winnipeg in center. North has Banks, Victoria, Parry, Queen Elizabeth, and Baffin Islands. Mackenzie River is in northwest. St. Lawrence River is in southeast.
{Mexico} Country is in south North America, south of USA. Capital is Mexico City. Main cities are Tijuana on northwest coast, Mexicali in northwest, Ciudad Juarez in north, Monterrey in north central, Culiacan in west northwest coast, Guadalajara in west, Tampico in east coast, Acapulco in southwest coast, Merida in north Yucatan Peninsula, and Cancun in northeast Yucatan Peninsula. Orizaba Peak is in center.
{United States of America} Country is in central North America.
cities
Capital is Washington, District of Columbia. Main cities in east are New York in New York, Miami in Florida, Atlanta in Georgia, Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, and Boston in Massachusetts. Main cities in middle are Chicago in Illinois, Austin in Texas, Dallas in Texas, Houston in Texas, San Antonio in Texas, El Paso in west Texas, Kansas City in Kansas, St Louis in Missouri, New Orleans in Louisiana, Montogomery in Alabama, Memphis in Tennessee, Indianapolis in Indiana, Minneapolis in Minnesota, St. Paul in Minnesota, Milwaukee in Wisconsin, Detroit in Michigan, Cleveland in Ohio, and Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania. Main cities in west are Los Angeles in California, San Francisco in California, San Diego in California, Seattle in Washington, Portland in Oregon, Salt Lake City in Utah, Phoenix in Arizona, Tucson in Arizona, and Denver in Colorado.
rivers
It has American, Russian, Columbia, Colorado, Mississippi, Missouri, Arkansas, Ohio, Hudson, Potomac, and Delaware Rivers.
{Argentina} Country is in southeast South America, east of Chile. Capital is Buenos Aires. Main cities are Salta in northwest, Sante Fe in east, Cordoba in center, Rosario in east, Mendoza in west, La Plata on east coast, Mar del Plata on southeast coast, and Bahia Blanca in southeast.
{Bolivia} Country is in west-central South America, northeast of Chile and southeast of Peru. Capital is La Paz in north and Sucre in south. It has Nevada Illampu.
{Brazil} Country is in southeast South America.
cities
Capital is Brasilia. Main cities are Manaus in north center on Amazon River, Belem on northeast coast, Sao Luis on northeast coast, Teresina in northeast, Fortaleza on northeast coast, Natal on east coast, Joao Pessoa on east coast, Recife on east coast, Porto Velho in west center, Macelo on east coast, Aracaju on east coast, Salvador on east coast, Curitiba in southwest, Goiania in southwest, Vitoria on southeast coast, Belo Horizonte in southeast, Rio de Janeiro on southeast coast, Sao Paulo in southeast, Cuiaba on southeast coast, Florianopolis on southeast coast, and Porto Alegre on south coast.
{Chile} Country is in southwest South America, west of Argentina. Capital is Santiago in center. Main cities are Anca on north coast, Iquique on northwest coast, Antofagasta on northwest coast, Valparaiso on central coast, Aconcagua in center, Puerto Monti in south, Punta Arena south of Patagonia, and Ushuaia in Tierra del Fuego. It has Easter Island far off west coast, Sala y Gomez Island far off west coast, Juan Fernandez Islands off west coast, Chiloe Islands off west southwest coast, Los Chonos Archipelago in southwest, and Santa Inés Island at Cape Horn, and Tierra del Fuego at Cape Horn. It has Mt. Aconcagua in center.
{Colombia} Country is in northwest South America, southwest of Venezuela and north of Peru and Ecuador. Capital is Bogota. Main cities are Cartagena in north, Cali in west, and Medellin in north center. It has Cristobal Coton Peak in north.
{Dutch Guiana} Colony was on South-America northeast coast. New name is Guyana.
{Ecuador} Country is in west South America, northwest of Peru and southwest of Colombia. Capital is Quito. Another city is Guayaquil on coast. It has Galapagos Islands. It has Mt. Chimborazo in center.
{French Guyana} Country is in northeast South America, east of Surinam.
{Guyana} Country is in north South America, west of Surinam. Capital is Georgetown.
{Paraguay} Country is in central South America, northeast of Argentina. Capital is Asuncion.
{Peru} Country is in west South America, north of Chile and Bolivia and south of Ecuador and Colombia. Capital is Lima. Main cities are Trujillo on northwest coast, Iquitos in north, Cusco in southeast, and Arequipa in south. It has Lake Titicaca in south. It has Nevada Huascaran in center.
{Surinam} Country is in north South America, east of Guyana. Capital is Paramaribo.
{Uruguay} Country is in southeast South America, east of Argentina and south of Brazil. Capital is Montevideo.
{Venezuela} Country is in north South America, east of Colombia and west of Guyana. Capital is Caracas. Main cities are Maracaibo on northwest coast and Merida in west.
{Russia, Asia} Country is in north Asia and east Europe. Capital is Moscow. It has Siberia. It has Lake Baikal. It has Lena River. It has Verkhoyansk Range. It ha Kamchatkya Peninsula.
{Australia, country} Island country is southeast of Asia. Capital is Canberra. Main cities are Sydney in southeast, Melbourne in south, Darwin in northeast, Adelaide, Perth in west, and Brisbane in east. Northwest has Great Sandy Desert. South central has Great Victoria Desert. East has Great Dividing Range. East has Great Barrier Reef. Tasmania Island is south, with Hobart city. It has Lake Eyre in center and Lake Gardner in south center. It has Mt. Kosciuszko in south.
{New Zealand} Island country is southeast of Australia, across Tasman Sea. Capital is Wellington. Another city is Auckland. It has North Island and South Island. South Island has Mt. Cook.
{Afghanistan} Country is in west-central Asia, northwest of Pakistan. Capital is Kabul.
{Bactria} Ancient country was in north Afghanistan.
{Bangladesh} Country is in south-central Asia, east of India. Capital is Dacca.
{Bhutan} Country is in central Asia, east of Nepal, in Himalayas. Capital is Thimphu.
{Ceylon} Island is in south-central Asia, southeast of India. New name is Sri Lanka. Capital is Colombo.
{Hadhramaut} Previous country was in Asia.
{India} Country is in south-central Asia.
regions
North India is arid. Southern highlands have forests.
states
India has 21 states. Punjab is in upper Indus River. Muktan is in middle Indus River. Sind is at lower Indus River. Kashmir, Ladakh, Kafiristan, Kumaon, and Kangara are in northwest mountains. Saurashtra, Gujarat, Baluchistan, Rajputana, and Delhi are in band from Arabian Sea to northwest mountains. Hindustan, Bihar, Sikkim, and Bhutan are south of Nepal. Assam and Bengal are in east. Malwa and Jharkand are in middle. Behar and Gondwana are south. Mahrattas, Deccan and Golconda are south. Mysore is south. Malabar is at west tip. Coromandel is at east tip. Laccadive Islands are west of Malabar. Maldive Islands are to south. Nicobar Islands and Andaman Islands are to southeast.
cities
Capital is New Delhi in north center. Main cities are Bombay or Mumbai in west, Bangalore in south, Madras or Chennai on southeast coast, Hyderabad in south center, and Calcutta or Kolkat on northeast coast.
{Kazakhstan} Country is in south-central Asia, north of Uzbekistan. Capital is Astana. It has Mt. Alma-Ata. It has Irtysh River. It has Lake Balkhash.
{Kyrgyzstan} Country is in south-central Asia, east of Uzbekistan. Capital is Bishkek. It has Mt. Pik Pobedy.
{Nepal} Country is in south-central Asia, northeast of India. Capital is Kathmandu.
{Pakistan} Country is in south Asia, northwest of India. Capital is Islamabad. Main cities are Karachi on coast, Hyderabad in south, Faisalabad in center, and Lahore in east center. It has Indus River.
{Scythia} Ancient country was in southwest Asia, north northeast of Black Sea and east of Aral Sea.
{Tajikistan} Country is in south-central Asia, north of Afghanistan. Capital is Dushanbe. It has Mt. Kongur Shan.
{Turkmenistan} Country is in south-central Asia, northeast of Iran. Capital is Ashgabat.
{Uzbekistan} Country is in south-central Asia, north of Turkmenistan. Capital is Tashkent. It has Aral Sea.
{China} Country is in east Asia. Old name was Cathay. It is also People's Republic of China.
regions
North China is arid. Many rivers run from Tibet to Gulf of Tonkin and South China Sea and south Bay of Bengal. Karakorum is to west, east of Kunlun Mountains, where Khotan town is. Turkestan is north of Kunlun Mountains, with Tunhwang town. Gobi Desert is north of Great Wall of China and northeast of Turkestan, south of Mongolia. Manchuria is in northeast China, across Sea of Japan from Japan and north of Korea.
provinces
Major provinces are Honan, Kwantung, Kwangsi, Sinkiang, Hopei, Shantung, Szechwan, Tibet, and Inner Mongolia.
cities
Capital is Beijing. Main cities are Shenya in Manchuria, Dalian on Manchuria coast, Tientsin southeast of Beijing, Zibo southeast of Beijing on Yellow River, Jinan southeast of Beijing on Yellow River, Taiyuan south of Beijing, Xi'an in center, Wuhan on central Yangtze River, Nanjing on east Yangtze River, Shanghai at Yangtze River mouth, Shenzen just north of Hong Kong, and Canton north of Hong Kong.
rivers
It has Yellow River, Yangtze River, and north Mekong River.
{Japan} Four main islands are in east Asia, east of Korea: Honshu in center, Kyushu in south, Shikoku south of Honshu, and Hokkaido in north. Capital is Tokyo. Main cities are Kyoto in south Honshu, Hiroshima in southwest Honshu, and Osaka in south Honshu. It has Mt. Fuji in center.
{Korea} Country is peninsula in northeast Asia, between Yellow Sea and Sea of Japan.
{Mongolia} Country is in east Asia, between China and Russia. Capital is Ulan Bator. It has Gobi Desert.
{North Korea} Country is in northeast Asia. Capital is Pyongyang.
{Outer Mongolia} Country is in northeast Asia, between Russia and China.
{Republic of China} Island country is in east Asia, southeast of China. It is also Taiwan. Capital is Taipei.
{South Korea} Country is in northeast Asia. Capital is Seoul.
{Tibet} Former country is in south-central Asia, north of Himalayas and south of Kunlun Mountains, on Plateau of Tibet.
{Aden, country} Previous country was on Arabia south coast.
{Akkad} Former empire was in north Babylonia. It is also Agade.
{Armenia} Country is east of Black Sea, east of Turkey. Capital is Yerevan.
{Ashur} Ancient empire was in northwest Iraq, on Tigris River. Another name was Assyria.
{Assyria} Ancient empire was in northwest Iraq, on Tigris River. Another name was Ashur.
{Azerbaijan} Country is east of Black Sea, northwest of Iran and northeast of Turkey. Capital is Baku.
{Babylonia} Ancient country was in Iraq, in valley between lower Euphrates and Tigris Rivers.
{Bahrain} Island sheikdom is in southeast Middle East, between Qatar and Saudi Arabia. Capital is Manama.
{Bithynia} Ancient country was in northwest Asia Minor.
{Cyprus} Island is in east Mediterranean, south of Turkey. Capital is Nicosia.
{Ebla} Ancient country was in Syria, south of Aleppo.
{Galatia} Ancient country was in central Asia Minor.
{Georgia, country} Country is east of Black Sea, northeast of Turkey. Capital is Tbilisi. It has Mt. Elbrus in north.
{Iran} Country is in east Middle East, southwest of Caspian Sea and east of Iraq. Old name was Persia. Capital is Tehran. Main cities are Abadan on southwest coast, Isfahan in west, Shiraz in south center, Gom in north center, Tabriz in northwest, and Mashad in northeast. It has Mt. Damavand in north center.
{Iraq} Country is in east Middle East, on Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, west of Iran and east of Syria. Capital is Baghdad.
{Israel} Country is in west Middle East, on Mediterranean Sea, south of Lebanon. Capital is Tel Aviv. Main cities are Jerusalem and Haifa.
{Jordan} Country is in central Middle East and northwest Arabia, northwest of Saudi Arabia. Capital is Amman.
{Judaea} {Judea} Former kingdom is in south Palestine.
{Judah} Ancient kingdom was in south Palestine.
{Kuwait} Country is in east Middle East, northeast of Saudi Arabia and south of Iraq. Capital is Kuwait.
{Lebanon} Country is in west Middle East, on Mediterranean Sea, southwest of Syria. Capital is Beirut.
{Lydia} Ancient country was in west Asia Minor.
{Media} Ancient country was in northwest Iran.
{Oman} Country is in southeast Arabia, north of Yemen. Capital is Muscat.
{Ottoman Empire} Former sultanate included Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Palestine, Egypt, Barbary States, Balkan States, and some Russia and Hungary.
{Palestine} Country and ancient region is between Mediterranean Sea and Jordan River.
{Palestinian Territories} Territory and ancient region is between Mediterranean Sea and Jordan River, south of Israel.
{Parthia} Ancient country was in northeast Iran.
{Pergamon} Ancient Greek kingdom was in central Asia Minor. Pergamon is also Pergamum and is now Bergama, Turkey.
{Persia} Former kingdom was in east Middle East. New name is Iran.
{Philistia} Ancient country was in southwest Palestine.
{Phoenicia} Ancient country was in Syria and Lebanon.
{Phrygia} Ancient country was in west-central Asia Minor.
{Pontus} Ancient country was in northeast Asia Minor.
{Qatar} Country is in southeast Middle East, between Bahrain and United Arab Emirates. Capital is Doha.
{Saudi Arabia} Country is in southwest Middle East, south of Iraq and north of Yemen. Capital is Riyadh. Main cities are Medina and Mecca.
{Sheba} Former country was in southwest Arabian Peninsula.
{Sumer} Former empire was in south Iraq. It was Babylonia southern division.
{Syria} Country is in west Middle East, south of Turkey. Capital is Damascus.
{Trucial Coast} Former country is in southeast Middle East.
{Turkey} Country is in northwest Middle East, north of Syria and south of Black Sea. Capital is Ankara. Main cities are Istanbul in northwest and Izmir on west coast.
{United Arab Emirates} Country is in southeast Arabia, on Persian Gulf, south of Qatar and north of Oman. Capital is Abu Dhabi.
{Yemen} Country is in southwest Arabia, on Red Sea, south of Saudi Arabia. Capital is Sanaa.
{Brunei} Country is in south Asia, on north Borneo Island. Old name is Sarawak. Capital is Bandar Seri Begawan.
{Burma} Country is in southeast Asia, east of Bangladesh, on Bay of Bengal. Andaman Islands are to west and Nicobar Islands are to south. Capital is Naypwidaw (Rangoon). Another name is Myanmar.
{Cambodia} Country is in southeast Asia, southeast of Thailand, on Gulf of Siam. Capital is Phnom Penh.
{East Timor} Country is in south Asia, on Timor Island, east of Indonesia. Capital is Dili.
{Indonesia} Country is in southeast Asia and contains Java, Sumatra, Bali, Sumba, Flores, south Borneo, Celebes, Buru, Seram, west New Guinea, Moluccas, and other islands in Malay Archipelago. Capital is Jakarta. Sumatra has Medan in north and Palembang in south. Java has Jakarta in west and Surabaya in east. Celebes has Ujungpandang. New Guinea has Mt. Puncak Jaya.
{Laos} Country is in southeast Asia, northeast of Thailand. Capital is Vientiane.
{Malaysia} Country is in southeast Asia, south of Thailand, and contains Malaya, North Borneo, and Sarawak. Capital is Kuala Lumpur.
{Philippines} Islands are in southeast Asia, east of Vietnam. Capital is Manila. Main cities are Cebu in center and Quezon City on north Luzon Island. It has Mindanao Island in south and Palawan Island in southwest.
{Sarawak, country} Country is in south Asia, on north Borneo Island. New name is Brunei.
{Siam} Country is in southeast Asia. New name is Thailand.
{Singapore, country} Country is in southeast Asia, south of Malaysia. Capital is Singapore.
{Thailand} Country is in southeast Asia, southeast of Burma. Old name was Siam. Capital is Bangkok.
{Vietnam} Country is in southeast Asia, east of Laos and Cambodia.
cities
Capital is Hanoi in north. Main cities are Ho Chi Minh City or Saigon in south, Haiphong on central coast, and Danang on central coast.
peoples
People settled there -500000 to -300000. Main ethnic group is Viet or Kinh, who live in lowlands. Others are Tay, Nung, Thai, Muong, H'mong, Zao, Hoa, Khmer, Bana, Giarai, and Ede.
religion
Buddhism came to Vietnam [-200].
weather
Rainy season is from May to October.
rivers
Red River flows past Hanoi. Mekong River flows south of Saigon.
alphabet
Nom [until 1900] came from Han Chinese characters [1000 to 1300]. Quoc Hgu [after 1900] came from Roman alphabet [1600 to 1700].
{Europe countries} Europe country is in central, north, couth, east, or west.
{Austria} Country is in central Europe, southeast of Germany. Capital is Vienna. Another city is Salzburg.
{Austria-Hungary} Former country was in central Europe and contained Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and some Serbia, Poland, Italy, and Romania, from 1867 to 1918.
{Bohemia} Former country was in west Czech Republic.
{Czech Republic} Country is in central Europe, east of Germany and north of Austria. Capital is Prague.
{Czechoslovakia} Former country was in central Europe.
{Hungary} Country is in central Europe, east of Austria. Capital is Budapest.
{Moravia} Former country was in central Czech Republic, east of Bavaria.
{Poland} Country is in east Europe, northeast of Germany. Capital is Warsaw.
{Slovakia} Country is in central Europe, east of Czech Republic. Capital is Bratislava.
{Slovenia} Country is in central Europe, south of Austria. Capital is Ljubljana.
{Belarus} Country is in east Europe, between Poland and Russia. Old names were Byelorussia and White Russia. Capital is Minsk.
{Bulgaria} Country is in southeast Europe, south of Romania and northwest of Turkey. Capital is Sofia.
{Byelorussia} Country is in east Europe. New name is Belarus.
{Estonia} Country is in north Europe, on Baltic Sea, north of Latvia. Capital is Tallinn.
{Latvia} Country is in north-central Europe, on Baltic Sea, south of Estonia and north of Lithuania. Capital is Riga.
{Lithuania} Country is in north-central Europe, south of Latvia. Capital is Vilnius.
{Moldavia} Former country was in Romania.
{Moldova} Country is northeast of Romania. Capital is Kishinev or Chisinau.
{Muscovy} Former principality was in west-central Russia, around Moscow.
{Romania} Country is in southeast Europe, on Black Sea, north of Bulgaria. Capital is Bucharest.
{Russia, Europe} Country is in east Europe and north Asia.
cities
Capital is Moscow in center. Main cities west of Ural Mountains are St. Petersburg in northwest, Archangel in northwest on Barents Sea, Yaroslavi in northwest, Tula in west, Ryazan in west, Saralov in west, Nishniy Novgorod in center, Penza in east, Saratov in southeast, Voronezh in southeast, Rostov-na-Donu in south, Volobgrad in southeast, Samara in east, Ula in east, Kazan in east, Astrakhan in southeast, Perm in northeast, and Orenburg in east.
East of Ural Mountains are Chelyabinsk northwest of Kazakhstan, Yekaterinburg northwest of Kazakhstan, Omsk north of Kazakhstan, Tomsk north of Kazakhstan, Novosibirsk north of Kazakhstan, Barnaul north of Kazakhstan, Krasnoyarsk northeast of Kazakhstan, Irkutsk west of Lake Baikal, Khabarovsk in north Manchuria, Vladivostok on Sea of Japan, and Shenyang in south Manchuria.
{Transylvania} Former country was in west Romania.
{Trebizond} Former Greek empire is north, east, and south of Black Sea.
{Ukraine} Country is in southeast Europe, southwest of Russia and northeast of Romania, on Black Sea. Capital is Kiev.
{Walachia} Former country is in Romania.
{White Russia} Country is in east Europe. New name is Belarus.
{Denmark} Country is in north Europe, north of Germany. Capital is Copenhagen.
{Finland} Country is in north Europe, east of Sweden. Old name was Suomi. Capital is Helsinki.
{Gotland} Former country was in north Europe.
{Norway} Country is in north Europe, west of Sweden. Capital is Oslo.
{Suomi} Former country was in north Europe. New name is Finland.
{Sweden} Country is in north Europe, between Norway and Finland. Capital is Stockholm.
{Albania} Country is in southeast Europe, between Serbia and Greece. Capital is Tirana.
{Andalusia} Former country is in south Spain.
{Aragon} Former country was in northeast Spain.
{Bosnia and Hercegovina} Country is in southeast Europe, between Croatia and Serbia. Capital is Sarajevo.
{Byzantium} Former country is in northeast Greece and west Turkey, east of Thrace, between Black Sea and Sea of Marmara.
{Castile} Former country was in central and south Spain.
{Croatia} Country is in south Europe, on Balkan Peninsula, south of Slovenia. Capital is Zagreb.
{Etruria} Ancient country was in central Italy.
{Greece} Country is in south Europe, west of Turkey. Capital is Athens.
{Illyria} Ancient country was in west Balkan Peninsula.
{Italy} Country is in south Europe, east of France. Capital is Rome. Main cities are Genoa in west, Milan in north, Florence in northwest, Naples in south, and Venice in east. It has Sicily, which has Mt. Etna. It has Corsica in northwest and Sardinia in west center.
{Laconia} Ancient country was in south Greece.
{Leon} Former country is in Spain.
{Lombardy} Former country is in north Italy.
{Macedon} Ancient kingdom was in north Greece, southeast Serbia, and southwest Bulgaria, north of Thessaly. New name is Macedonia.
{Macedonia} Country is in north Greece, southeast Serbia, and southwest Bulgaria, north of Thessaly. Old name was Macedon. Capital is Skopje.
{Monaco} Country is in south Europe, on France south coast. Capital is Monte Carlo.
{Navarre} Former kingdom was in north Spain and southwest France.
{Papal States} Former Roman Catholic Church dominions were in central Italy.
{Portugal} Country is in southwest Europe, west of Spain. Capital is Lisbon. Another city is Porto.
{San Marino} Country is in east Italy.
{Serbia} Country is in southeast Europe, north of Albania. Capital is Belgrade.
{Serbia and Montenegro} Country is in south Europe, north of Albania. Capital is Belgrade.
{Spain} Country is in southwest Europe, south of France. Capital is Madrid. Main cities are Barcelona and Seville. It has Balearic Islands in east.
{Vatican City} Country is papal holdings in Rome, Italy.
{Yugoslavia} Former country was in south Europe, on Adriatic Sea.
{Andorra} Country is between France and Spain.
{Aquitaine} Former country was in west France and contains Tours.
{Batavia} France ruled Netherlands from 1795 to 1806.
{Bavaria} Former country was in southeast Germany, north of Friuli.
{Belgium} Country is in west Europe, between France and Netherlands. Capital is Brussels.
{Brandenburg} Former country was in north Germany.
{Britain} Country is in northwest Europe. Capital is London.
{Burgundy, country} Former country and province was in east France.
{Caledonia} Former country was in north Britain. New name is Scotland.
{Eire} Island west of England is in west Europe. New name is Ireland.
{England} Country is in northwest Europe, in south Britain. Capital is London.
{Essex} Former kingdom was in southeast England.
{Flanders} Former country was in west Belgium and north France.
{France} Country is in west Europe, north of Spain. Capital is Paris. Main cities are Bordeaux in southwest, Marseille in south, and Lyon in center. It has Mt. Blanc.
{Gaul, country} Ancient country included France and Belgium.
{Germany} Country is in central Europe, north of Switzerland. It is also Deutschland. Capital is Berlin.
{Great Britain} Island is in northwest Europe and contains England, Scotland, and Wales.
{Hohenzollern} Former country was in southwest Germany.
{Holland} Country is in northwest Europe. Another name is Netherlands.
{Iceland} Island is in far-west Europe, in north-central North Atlantic Ocean. Capital is Reykjavik.
{Ireland} Island country is west of England. Old name was Eire. Capital is Dublin.
{Liechtenstein} Country is in west Europe, between Austria and Switzerland.
{Low Countries} Low Countries are Belgium, Luxembourg, and Netherlands.
{Luxembourg, country} Country is in west Europe, between Belgium and Germany.
{Netherlands} Country is in northwest Europe, north of Belgium and northwest of Germany. Another name is Holland. Capital is Amsterdam. Main cities are Rotterdam and Delft.
{Normandy} Former country was in northwest France.
{Northern Ireland} Country is in west Europe, northwest of Ireland. Capital is Belfast. Another city is Londonderry.
{Prussia} Former kingdom was in north Germany, on Baltic Sea.
{Savoy} Former country was in southeast France.
{Saxony} Former country was in northwest Germany, north of Austrasia, and contained Magdeburg.
{Scotland} Country is in northwest Europe and north Britain. Old name was Caledonia. Capital is Edinburgh.
{Switzerland} Country is in west-central Europe, north of Italy and south of Germany. Capital is Berne. Main cities are Geneva and Lausanne.
{United Kingdom} Country is in west Europe and contains England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Capital is London. Main cities are Manchester, Liverpool, and Newcastle.
{Weimar Republic} Germany was republic from 1919 to 1933.
{Westphalia} Former country is in west Germany and borders Netherlands.
{American Samoa} Islands are in southwest-central Pacific Ocean, east of Samoa.
{Fiji} Islands are in southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Vanatu. Capital is Suva.
{French Polynesia} Islands are in South Pacific Ocean and include Marquesas, Society, and Austral Islands, east of Cook Islands of New Zealand.
{Kiribati} Country is in South Pacific Ocean, north of Samoa and Cook Islands. Capital is Tarawa.
{Marshall Islands, country} Country is in South Pacific Ocean, east of Micronesia. Capital is Majuro.
{Micronesia} Island country is in South Pacific Ocean, north of Papua New Guinea, east of Philippines, and north of Melanesia. Capital is Palikir.
{Nauru} Country is in South Pacific Ocean, north of Solomon Islands. Capital is Yaren.
{New Caledonia, country} France islands are in South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia.
{Northern Marianas} USA islands are in South Pacific Ocean, north of Micronesia, and include Guam.
{Palau} Country is in South Pacific Ocean, northwest of Papua New Guinea. Capital is Koror.
{Papua New Guinea} Islands are in southwest Pacific Ocean, west of Solomon Islands and south of Micronesia. Capital is Port Moresby.
{Samoa, country} Islands are in southwest central Pacific Ocean, north of Tonga and south of Kiribati. Capital is Apia.
{Solomon Islands, country} Country is in South Pacific Ocean, east of Papua New Guinea. Capital is Honiara.
{Tahiti, country} Island is in South Pacific Ocean.
{Tuvalu} Country is in South Pacific Ocean, east of Solomon Islands. Capital is Funafuti.
{Vanuatu} Country is in South Pacific Ocean, south of Solomon Islands. Capital is Port Vila.
{Western Samoa} Island is in South Pacific Ocean. New name is Samoa.
{Basque Province} Province is in north and northwest Spain.
{Burgundy, province} Former country and province is in east France.
{Cabinda} Province is in Angola.
{Alberta} Province is in west Canada. Capital is Edmonton.
{British Columbia} Province is in west Canada. Capital is Vancouver.
{Labrador} Province is in east Canada.
{Manitoba} Province is in south-central Canada.
{Maritime Provinces} Provinces are in east Canada and contain New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island.
{New Brunswick} Province is in southeast Canada.
{Newfoundland} Province is in east Canada.
{Northwest Territories} Province is in northwest Canada and was former territory.
{Nova Scotia} Province is in southeast Canada.
{Ontario} Province is in east Canada. Capital is Ontario.
{Prince Edward Island} Province is in southeast Canada.
{Quebec Province} Province is in east Canada. Capital is Quebec.
{Saskatchewan} Province is in southwest Canada.
{Yukon} Province is in northwest Canada and was former territory.
{Kwang-tung} Province is in southeast China.
{Shantung} Province is east China.
{Szechwan} Province is in southwest China.
Regions {land region} {region} are land areas with natural boundaries.
{Afar} Region is in northeast Africa in Ethiopia and north Eritrea. It is East African Rift north end. It has Erta Ale and Afdera volcanoes and Dallal Crater.
{Guinea, region} Region is west Africa from Gambia to Angola.
{Horn of Africa} Region is east Africa tip, in Somalia.
{Land of Goshen} Ancient region is in northeast Egypt.
{Maghreb} Region is coastal northwest Africa.
{Americas regions} Americas regions are in North and South America.
{Appalachia} Region is in southeast USA.
{Badlands} Region is in southwest South Dakota.
{Big Sur} Region is in west-central California.
{Canal Zone} Former USA territory contains Panama Canal. USA leased it from Panama.
{Cibola} Region is in north New Mexico. It contains the Seven Cities believed by explorers to contain vast treasure.
{Dixie} Region is in southeast USA.
{Indian Territory} Former USA territory is in Oklahoma.
{Louisiana Purchase} Region was in west-central USA between Rocky Mountains and Mississippi River.
{Midwest} Region is north-central USA.
{New England} Region is northeast USA.
{Northeast} Region is Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and New Jersey.
{Northwest} Region is Washington, Oregon, Montana, and Idaho.
{Southwest} Region is west Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.
{Vinland} Region is on North-America northeast coast. Norsemen discovered it.
{West} Region is west of Mississippi River.
{Guyana or Guiana} Region is in northeast South America.
{Latin America} Region is Americas south of USA.
{Patagonia} Region is in south Argentina.
{Bengal} Region is east India and Bangladesh.
{Central Asia} Steppe region from Caspian Sea to Tibet has Alborz, Hindu Kush, and Kunlun Mountains on south and Siberia on north.
{Far East} Region has East Asia countries.
{Goa} Former Portuguese colony is in west India, south of Bombay.
{Hindustan} Region is in north India.
{Inner Mongolia} Region is in north China.
{Manchuria} Region is in northeast China.
{Punjab} Region is in east Pakistan and northwest India.
{Siberia} Region is in Asian northeast Russia.
{Tatary} Old region in Asia goes from Sea of Japan to Dnieper River.
{Turkestan} Region is in central Asia, between Iran and Siberia.
{Anatolia} Region includes Turkey, Asia Minor, and east of Asia Minor.
{Canaan} Region is main Palestine.
{Chaldea} Ancient region was on Persian Gulf and Euphrates River.
{Gaza Strip} Region is in southwest Palestine, on Mediterranean coast.
{Hejaz, region} Region is in west Saudi Arabia.
{Holy Land} Ancient region is between Mediterranean Sea and Jordan River. It is also Palestine.
{Levant} Region is countries on Mediterranean-Sea east shore.
{Mesopotamia} Region is in Iraq between Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
{Negev} Region is in south Palestine.
{Samaria} Region is in west Jordan and was in ancient Palestine.
{Subartu} Region is in north Mesopotamia.
{Austrasia} Region was in northwest France and contains Aachen, Mainz, and Fulda.
{Carinthia} Region was in Czech Republic, east of Bavaria.
{Caucasia} Region is in southwest Asia, between Black Sea and Caspian Sea.
{Chalcis} Region is east of Thebes, on Euboea Island.
{Circassia} Region is in southwest Asia, east of Black Sea.
{La Mancha} Region is in south-central Spain.
{Lapland} Region is in north Europe, above Arctic Circle.
{Scandinavia} Region contains Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, plus Finland and Iceland.
{Silesia} Region is in north Austria.
{Tyrol} Region is in south Austria.
{Ulster} Region is in north Ireland.
{Cambria} Region was in west Britain. New name is Wales.
{Lancaster County} Region is in northwest England.
{Lands End} Region is at England southwest tip.
{Umbria} Region is in central England.
{Wales} Region is in southwest Britain. Old name was Cambria.
{Alsace} Region is in northeast France.
{Anjou} Region is in northwest France.
{Brittany} Region is at France west tip.
{Champagne, region} Region is in northeast France.
{Gascony} Region is in southwest France.
{Ile-de-France} Region is in north-central France, around Paris.
{Lorraine} Region is in northeast France.
{Medoc} Region is in France.
{Midi} Region is in south France.
{Provence} Region is in southeast France.
{Septimania} Region was in southwest France, along coast.
{Alemanni, region} Ancient region is in southwest Germany.
{Baden} Region is in southwest Germany, near French and Swiss border. It has spa.
{Rhineland} Region is west of Rhine River.
{Ruhr} Industrial region is in west Germany.
{Saar, region} Region is in west Germany.
{Achaea} Region is in south Greece, in north Peloponnesus.
{Arcadia, region} Mountainous region is in south Greece, in central Peloponnesus.
{Attica} Region is in central Greece, northeast of Isthmus of Corinth, and contains Thebes, Athens, Megara, Piraeus, and Plataea.
{Boeotia} Region is in west-central Greece, north of Peloponnesus.
{Elis} Region is in west Greece.
{Epirus} Region is in west Greece.
{Locris} Region is in central Greece, north of Boeotia.
{Magna Graecia} Ancient Greek colonies were in south Italy.
{Messenia} Region is in south Greece.
{Thessaly} Region is in north Greece, north of Locris.
{Thrace} Region is in north Greece, east of Macedon, from Danube River to Aegean Sea.
{Apulia} Region was in southeast Italy and contained Heraclaea and Tarentum.
{Campania} Region was in southwest Italy, southeast of Latium and south of Samnium. It contained Capua and Neapolis (Naples).
{Friuli} Region is in northeast Italy, in Lombardy, north of Venice.
{Latium} Ancient region is in west-central Italy, south of Rome.
{Lucania} Region was in south Italy.
{Roman Campagna} Region is in central Italy, around Rome. It is also Campagna di Roma.
{Sabini} Region was in central Italy, east of Rome.
{Samnium} Region is in central Italy, east of Latium.
{The Marches} Region is in north Italy.
{Tuscany} Region is in northwest-central Italy.
{Commonwealth} British Commonwealth included United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and South Africa.
{United Nations, region} Region in New York City is international territory.
States {state, country} are country political subdivisions.
{Navajo, reservation} Reservation is in north Arizona.
{Madras} State is in southeast India.
{Uttar Pradesh} State is in India.
{Delaware, state} State is in central east USA.
{New Jersey} State is in east USA.
{New York} State {Empire State} is in northeast USA.
{Pennsylvania} State is in east USA.
{Illinois} State is in central USA.
{Indiana} State {Hoosier State} is in east-central USA.
{Iowa} State {Hawkeye State} is in central USA.
{Kansas} State is in central USA.
{Michigan} State is in north USA.
{Minnesota} State is in north USA.
{Missouri} State is in central USA.
{Nebraska} State is in central USA.
{North Dakota} State is in northwest-central USA.
{Ohio} State {Buckeye State} is in east-central USA.
{South Dakota} State is in northwest-central USA.
{Wisconsin} State is in north-central USA.
{Colorado} State is in west-central USA.
{Idaho} State is in northwest USA.
{Montana} State is in northwest USA.
{Utah} State is in west USA.
{Wyoming} State is in northwest USA.
{Connecticut} State is in northeast USA.
{Maine} State is in northeast USA.
{Massachusetts} State {Bay State} is in northeast USA.
{New Hampshire} State is in northeast USA.
{Rhode Island} State is in northeast USA.
{Vermont} State is in northeast USA.
{Alaska} State is in northwest North America.
{Oregon} State is in northwest USA.
{Washington, state} State is in northwest USA.
{Alabama} State is in southeast USA.
{Arkansas} State is in southeast central USA.
{Florida} State is in southeast USA.
{Georgia, state} State is in southeast USA.
{Kentucky} State is in east-central USA.
{Louisiana} State is in south USA.
{Maryland} State is in east USA.
{Mississippi} State is in south USA.
{North Carolina} State {Tarheel State} is in east USA.
{South Carolina} State is in southeast USA.
{Tennessee} State is in southeast-central USA.
{Virginia} State is in east USA.
{West Virginia} State is in east USA.
{Arizona} State is in south-central USA.
{New Mexico} State is in southwest USA.
{Oklahoma} State {Sooner State} is in south-central USA.
{Texas} State is in south USA.
{California} State is in west USA.
{Hawaii} State is in west USA and are islands in central Pacific Ocean.
{Nevada} State is in west USA.
{Comstock Mine} Mine is in Virginia City, Nevada.
{Fort Knox} Fort is in north-central Kentucky.
{Pearl Harbor} Harbor is at Honolulu in south Oahu Island, Hawaii.
{Pharos Lighthouse} Ancient lighthouse is under water in Alexandria, Egypt.
Structures {structure, building} include buildings, dams, highways, and parks.
{Bay Bridge} Bridge is from San Francisco to Oakland in California.
{Brooklyn Bridge} Bridge is from Manhattan to Brooklyn in New York City.
{George Washington Bridge} Bridge is from Manhattan in New York City.
{Golden Gate Bridge} Bridge is from San Francisco to Marin County in California.
{Mackinac Bridge} Bridge crosses peninsulas in north Michigan.
{Verrazano Narrows Bridge} Bridge is in south New York City.
{Appomattox Court House} Civil War surrender site is in central Virginia.
{Orly Airport} Airport is near Paris, France.
{Parthenon Temple} Temple is in Athens, Greece.
{Roman Forum} Forum in Rome had government buildings and monuments.
{Trafalgar Square} Square is in London, United Kingdom.
{Altamira Cave} Cave with prehistoric drawings is in north Spain.
{Carlsbad Caverns} Caverns are in southeast New Mexico.
{Lascaux Cave} Cave with prehistoric drawings is in southwest-central France.
{Mammoth Cave} Cave is in southwest-central Kentucky.
{Arlington National Cemetery} Cemetery is in north Virginia, south of Washington, DC.
{Golden Gate Cemetery} Cemetery is south of San Francisco, California.
{Aswan High Dam} Dam is on upper Nile River in Egypt.
{Boulder Dam} Dam is on Colorado River between Nevada and Arizona. Another name is Hoover Dam.
{Grand Coulee Dam} Dam is in northeast-central Washington.
{Hoover Dam} Dam is on Colorado River between Nevada and Arizona. Another name is Boulder Dam.
{Alaska Highway} Highway goes from Dawson Creek, British Columbia, to Fairbanks, Alaska. It is also Alcan Highway.
{Appian Way} Ancient road goes from Rome to Brindisi, Italy.
{Jodrell Bank Observatory} Observatory is in west England.
{Palomar Observatory} Observatory is in south California.
{Bryce Canyon} Park is in Utah.
{Craters of the Moon} Park is in southeast-central Idaho.
{Death Valley Park} Park is in southeast California.
{Devil's Postpile} Devil's Postpile National Monument.
{Glacier National Park} Park is in northwest Montana.
{Grand Canyon} Park is in northwest Arizona, on Colorado River.
{Grand Teton} Park is in northwest Wyoming.
{Hot Springs National Park} Park is in west-central Arkansas.
{Joshua Tree National Monument} Joshua Tree National Monument is in south California desert.
{Kalahari National Park} Park is in Namibia.
{King's Canyon Park} Park is in east California.
{Monument Valley} Park is in northeast Arizona and southeast Utah and contains sandstone formations.
{Petrified Forest} Park is in northeast Arizona and has tree remains.
{Sequoia National Park} Park is in northeast-central California.
{Serengeti National Park} Park is in Tanzania.
{Yellowstone National Park} Park is in northeast Wyoming, east Idaho, and south Montana.
{Yosemite National Park} Park is in east-central California.
{Cahokia Mounds} Prehistoric mounds are in south Illinois.
{Casa Grande} Prehistoric cliff dwellings are in south-central Arizona.
{Gila} Prehistoric cliff dwellings are in southwest New Mexico.
{Mesa Verde} Prehistoric cliff dwelling is in southwest Colorado.
{Stonehenge} Prehistoric stone slabs are in south-central England.
{Alcatraz Prison} Federal prison was on small island north of San Francisco.
{Leavenworth Prison} Federal prison is in northeast Kansas.
{San Quentin Prison} Federal prison is in east Marin County, north of San Francisco.
{Sing Sing Prison} Federal prison is in upper New York State.
{Chisholm Trail} Old cattle trail goes between San Antonio, Texas, and Abilene, Kansas.
{Oregon Trail} Pioneer route goes from Missouri to Washington.
{Santa Fe Trail} Pioneer route goes from Kansas City, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico.
{Great Wall of China} Wall is between China and Mongolia and is 2000 miles long.
{Hadrian's Wall} Wall is in north England.
Waters {water, geography} include falls, lakes, oceans, ocean currents, rivers, and seas.
{Baffin Bay} Bay is between Greenland and Canada.
{Bengal Bay} Bay of Bengal is between India and Malay Peninsula in Bangladesh.
{Biscay Bay} Bay is between west France and north Spain.
{Biscayne Bay} Bay is at Miami, Florida.
{Botany Bay} Bay is in southeast Australia.
{Chesapeake Bay} Bay is between Maryland and Delaware.
{Guantanamo Bay} Bay is in east Cuba.
{Hudson Bay} Bay is in northeast Canada.
{Erie Canal} Canal goes east and west across central New York State.
{Panama Canal} Canal is in Panama.
{Suez Canal} Canal is in northeast Egypt.
{Angel Falls} Falls are in southeast Venezuela.
{Bridalveil Falls} Falls are in Yosemite National Park in east-central California.
{Niagara Falls} Falls are at Lake Erie north end.
{Victoria Falls} Falls are between Zambia and Zimbabwe, on Zambesi River.
{Aden Gulf} Gulf is in Aden.
{Aegina Gulf} Gulf is between Attica and Argos, Greece.
{Alaska Gulf} Gulf is in Alaska.
{California Gulf} Gulf is in California.
{Guinea Gulf} Gulf is in Guinea.
{Maine Gulf} Gulf is in Maine.
{Mexico Gulf} Gulf is east of Mexico and south of USA.
{Oman Gulf} Gulf is in Oman.
{Persian Gulf} Gulf is in Iran.
{Siam Gulf} Gulf is in Thailand.
{St. Lawrence Gulf} Gulf is in Canada.
Lakes {lake} have land around them and do not flow.
{Lake Mareotis} Lake is south of Alexandria, Egypt.
{Lake Tanganyika} Lake is in east-central Africa.
{Lake Victoria} Lake is in east Africa.
{Americas lakes} Americas lakes are North and South America.
{Finger Lakes} Five lakes are in west-central New York State.
{Great Bear Lake} Lake is in central Canada.
{Great Lakes} Lakes are in north-central USA and include Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario.
{Great Salt Lake} Lake is in north Utah.
{Great Slave Lake} Lake is in central Canada.
{Lake Erie} Lake is in west New York State.
{Lake Huron} Lake is in north-central North America.
{Lake Michigan} Lake is in north-central USA, north of Illinois.
{Lake Ontario} Lake is in east Canada, northwest of New York State.
{Lake Superior} Lake is in north Wisconsin.
{Lake Titicaca} Lake is in Andes Mountains on Peru and Bolivia borders.
{Aral Sea} Salt lake is between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
{Lake Baikal} Lake is in south-central Russia.
{Dead Sea} Dead Sea is salty and is below sea level between southeast Israel and southwest Jordan.
{Lake Galilee} Sea of Galilee is between northeast Israel and west Jordan. Sea of Galilee is also Lake Kinneret.
{Lake Geneva} Lake is between southwest Switzerland and east France.
{Loch Katrine} Loch Katrine Lake is in central Scotland.
{Loch Lomond} Loch Lomond Lake is in south-central Scotland.
{Loch Ness} Loch Ness is in northwest Scotland and has "monster".
{Zuider Zee} Lake is in north Netherlands.
{Antarctic Ocean} Ocean is south of 60 degrees South latitude.
{Arctic Ocean} Ocean is north of 66.5 degrees latitude.
{Atlantic Ocean} Ocean is between Americas, Europe, and Africa. It has North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean.
{Indian Ocean} Ocean is south of India.
{Pacific Ocean} Ocean is between Americas, Asia, and Australia. It has North Pacific Ocean and South Pacific Ocean. South Seas is South Pacific Ocean.
{Antarctic Circumpolar Current} (ACC) The largest ocean current circles Antarctica and keeps tropic waters away from coast.
{Besquela Current} Cold ocean current flows north along Africa west coast.
{Brazil Current} Warm ocean current flows south along South-America east coast.
{California Current} Cold ocean current flows south along North-America west coast.
{Gulf Stream} Warm ocean current flows north from Gulf of Mexico along USA east coast to Iceland.
{Humboldt Current} Cold ocean current flows south from Alaska along USA west coast to Mexico.
{Kuroshio Current} Warm ocean current flows north past Japan.
{Labrador Current} Warm ocean current flows east past Iceland to England.
{Peru Current} Cold ocean current flows north along South America west coast.
{Drake Passage} Passage between South America and Antarctica formed 41 million years ago.
{Northwest Passage} Passage goes through Arctic ice sheets.
Rivers {river, geography} flow through land.
{Blue Nile River} River flows through Ethiopia and Sudan to Khartoum.
{Congo River} River is in central Africa and flows to Atlantic Ocean.
{Niger River} River is in west Africa.
{Nile River} River flows from Uganda north through Egypt.
{White Nile River} River flows from Uganda to Mediterranean Sea.
{Zambesi River} River is in Zimbabwe.
{Americas river} Americas river is in North or South America.
{Allegheny River} River is in west Pennsylvania.
{Arkansas River} River is in south-central USA.
{Bull Run} Stream is in north Virginia.
{Charles River} River flows through Boston, Massachusetts.
{Colorado River} River flows from Colorado to Arizona but dries on way to Baja California.
{Columbia River} River is in northwest USA.
{Delaware River} River flows from south New York past Philadelphia.
{East River} River is between Manhattan Island and Long Island.
{Harlem River} River is between Manhattan Island and New Jersey.
{Hudson River} River flows north to south through east New York State to New York City.
{James River} River is in east Virginia.
{Klondike River} River is in central Yukon Territory.
{Mackenzie River} River is in west Canada.
{Mississippi River} River flows from north-central Minnesota to Gulf of Mexico.
{Missouri River} River flows from southwest Montana to east Missouri.
{Ohio River} River flows from west Pennsylvania to Mississippi River in Missouri.
{Potomac River} River is between Maryland and Virginia.
{Rio Grande River} River flows from southwest Colorado between northeast Mexico and Texas to Gulf of Mexico. It is also Grande River.
{Shenandoah River} River is in north Virginia.
{St. Lawrence River} River is on USA and Canada border from Lake Ontario to Atlantic Ocean.
{Amazon River} River flows from Peru Andes to Brazil northwest coast. It began 15,000,000 years ago when northeast Andes rose and reached sea 10,000,000 years ago.
{Gran Chaco River} River flows through Chaco Plain in South America.
{Amu Darya River} River is in Afghanistan and flows from Pamir Mountains to Aral Sea. Another name is Oxus River.
{Amur River} River is in central Asia.
{Brahmaputra River} River is in central Asia, north of Himalayas, and empties into Ganges River in Bengal. Another name is Tsangpo River.
{Chang Jang River} River flows east through south-middle China.
{Ganges River} River flows from Himalayas through north India to Bay of Bengal.
{Han River} River is in east-central China.
{Hsi River} River flows east through south China to South China Sea.
{Hwang Ho River} River flows from Great Wall of China south and then east through middle of China, past Sian and Loyang. Another name is Yellow River.
{Indus River} River flows from Tibet across India to west Pakistan to Arabian Sea. Another name is Sindhu River.
{Irrawaddy River} River is in Burma.
{Irtysh River} River is in central Asia.
{Jaxertes River} River flows from Tien Shan Mountains to Aral Sea.
{Lena River} River is in central Asia.
{Mekong River} River is in south Vietnam and passes 100 km south of Ho Chi Minh City.
{Ob River} River is in central Asia.
{Oxus River} River is in Afghanistan and flows from Pamir Mountains to Aral Sea. Another name is Amu Darya River.
{Red River} River is in north Vietnam and passes through Hanoi.
{Sindhu River} River flows from Tibet across India to west Pakistan to Arabian Sea. Another name is Indus River.
{Tsangpo River} River is in central Asia, north of Himalayas, and empties into Ganges River in Bengal. Another name is Brahmaputra River.
{Yangtze River} River flows through central China to east China Sea and is swampy and forested.
{Yellow River} River is in north China. Another name is Hwang Ho River.
{Euphrates River} River flows from east Turkey to Tigris River in Iraq.
{Jordan River} River flows north-south between Israel and Jordan.
{Tigris River} River flows from southeast Turkey through Iraq to Persian Gulf.
{Arno River} River flows through Florence, Italy.
{Avon River} River is in south England.
{Bug River} River flows through Ukraine to Black Sea.
{Danube River} River flows from south Germany to Black Sea.
{Dnieper River} River flows through Ukraine into Black Sea.
{Don River} River is in southwest European Russia.
{Ebro River} River flows from north Spain to Mediterranean Sea.
{Loire River} River is in central France.
{Marne River} River is in northeast France.
{Moselle River} River is in east France and west Germany.
{Neva River} River is in Leningrad.
{Oder River} River flows from north Czechoslovakia to Baltic Sea.
{Po River} River flows from north Italy to Adriatic Sea.
{Rhine River} River flows from southeast Switzerland through Netherlands.
{Rhone River} River flows from Lake Geneva through France to Mediterranean Sea.
{Rubicon River} River is in north-central Italy.
{Saar River} River is in west Germany.
{Seine River} River is through north France and Paris to Atlantic Ocean.
{Thames River} River flows through London east to North Sea.
{Tiber River} River flows through Rome west to Mediterranean Sea.
{Volga River} River flows through European Russia to Caspian Sea.
Seas {sea, geography} are ocean regions.
{Red Sea} Sea is between northeast Africa and Arabia.
{Americas seas} Americas seas are in North and South America.
{Beaufort Sea} Sea is northeast of Alaska.
{Bering Sea} Sea is between Alaska and Siberia.
{Chukchi Sea} Sea is north of Alaska.
{Labrador Sea} Sea is east of Labrador.
{Sargasso Sea} Sea is in central North Atlantic and has relatively still waters.
{Spanish Main} Another name is Caribbean Sea.
{Amundsen Sea} Sea is southwest of South America next to Antarctica.
{Bellinghausen Sea} Sea is south of South America next to Antarctica.
{Weddell Sea} Sea is southeast of South America next to Antarctica.
{Arabian Sea} Sea is between Africa and India, in Indian Ocean.
{Caspian Sea} Salty sea is in southwest Russia at Asia and Europe border.
{China Sea} Sea is east of China.
{East China Sea} Sea is east of China.
{East Siberian Sea} Sea is north of Russia.
{Inland Sea} Sea is southwest of Japan.
{Japan Sea} Sea is west of Japan.
{Java Sea} Sea is north of Java.
{Kara Sea} Sea is north of Russia.
{Laftev Sea} Sea is north of Russia.
{Okhotsk Sea} Sea is between Manchuria and Kamchatka Peninsula.
{Philippine Sea} Sea is west of Philippines.
{South China Sea} Sea is southeast of China.
{Yellow Sea} Sea is east of China.
{Arufara Sea} Sea is north of Australia, south of New Guinea. It includes Torres Strait.
{Coral Sea} Sea is northeast of Australia.
{Ross Sea} Sea is south of Australia next to Antarctica.
{Tasman Sea} Sea is southeast of Australia.
{Adriatic Sea} Sea is between Italy and Bosnia.
{Aegean Sea} Sea is between Crete, Greece, and Turkey.
{Baltic Sea} Sea is between Scandinavia and Europe.
{Barents Sea} Sea is between Spitsbergen and Novaya Zemly in Arctic Ocean, northwest of Russia and north of Finland.
{Black Sea} Sea is north of Turkey. Old names were Euxine or Pontus.
{Caribbean Sea} Sea is between West Indies, Central America, and South America.
{Euxine Sea} Sea is north of Turkey. Other name was Pontus. New name is Black Sea.
{Ionian Sea} Sea is between southeast Italy and west Greece and west of Peloponnesus Peninsula.
{Irish Sea} Sea is between Ireland and England.
{Marmara Sea} Sea is in northwest Turkey between Black Sea and Aegean Sea. Other name is Propontis Sea.
{Mediterranean Sea} Sea is between Europe and Africa.
{North Sea} Sea is east of Great Britain.
{Norwegian Sea} Sea is west of Norway.
{Pontus Sea} Sea is north of Turkey. New name is Black Sea. Other old name was Euxine.
{Propontis Sea} Sea is between Black Sea and Aegean Sea. Other name is Sea of Marmara.
{Tyrhenian Sea} Sea is east of Italy.
{Long Island Sound} Sound is between Long Island and Connecticut.
{Puget Sound} Sound is west of Seattle, Washington.
{Bering Strait} Strait is between Alaska and Siberia.
{Bosphorus Strait} Strait is between Black Sea and Sea of Marmara, between European Turkey and Asian Turkey.
{Dardanelles} Strait is in northwest Turkey, between Aegean Sea and Sea of Marmara. Old name is The Hellespont.
{Davis Strait} Strait is between Canada and Greenland.
{Denmark Strait} Strait is between Iceland and Greenland.
{English Channel} Strait is between south England and north France. The Downs is English Channel off southeast English coast. Another name is La Manche.
{Gibraltar Strait} Strait is between Morocco and Spain.
{Golden Gate} Strait is near San Francisco, California.
{Hellespont} Strait is in northwest Turkey, from Sea of Marmara to Aegean. New name is Dardanelles Strait.
{La Manche} Strait is between south England and north France. Another name is English Channel.
{Magellan Strait} Strait is between South America and Tierra del Fuego.
{Mozambique Channel} Strait is between Mozambique and Madagascar.
{Dismal Swamp} Swamp is in southeast Virginia and northeast North Carolina, along coast.
{Everglades} Swamp is in south Florida.
{Okefenokee Swamp} Swamp is in northeast Florida and southeast Georgia.
He lived 820 to 893 and studied under the musician Ishaq al-Mawsili or Isaac of Mosul [767 to 850].
Hamadan is in west Iran and is where Mede capital Ecbatana was.
He wrote about traveling from Baghdad to Volga River to see Bulgar king [921 to 922].
He described Isfahan's twenty districts {rostaq}, gates, and walls and wrote about Sana'a (Yemen), Novgorod, Burka, Croatia, and Caucasia.
He wrote about windmills.
He described Kiev [977] and defeat of Volga Bulgars and Khazars [969] by Rus.
He lived 1099 to 1166, drew a world map [1130], and was at King Roger II's court [1145 to 1166], where he built a silver globe.
He lived 1512 to 1594, drew maps [1554], and created Mercator's projection [1569].
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Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0225