Transparent curved surfaces {lens, physics}| can refract parallel light rays to point.
convex
For convex lenses, if object is inside focal point, image is virtual, erect, and smaller. For convex lenses, if object is outside focal point, image is real and inverted.
concave
For concave lenses, image is virtual and erect. For concave lenses, if object is inside focal point, image is bigger. For concave lenses, if object is outside focal point, image is smaller.
focus
Focal length F depends on lens refractive index n and radii R of sides: 1/F = (n - 1) * ((1 / Ri) - (1 / Ro)).
curvature radius
Curvature radius is positive if curve is convex. Curvature radius is negative if curve is concave.
size
Ratio of image size I to object size O equals ratio of distance q of image from lens to distance p of object from lens. I/O = q/p.
wavelets
Lenses perform spatial Fourier transforms.
Physical Sciences>Physics>Wave>Superposition>Refraction>Lens
5-Physics-Wave-Superposition-Refraction-Lens
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Date Modified: 2022.0224