Theories {grand unified theories}| {Grand Unification} (GUTS) use a new gauge boson that affects both quarks and leptons and so unifies strong and electromagnetic forces.
requirements
Complete unified theory must have perfect symmetry at high temperature, high energy, and short distances and have different and lower symmetry for current universe. Theory must relate three quark and lepton generations {horizontal symmetry}. Maintaining symmetry to preserve conservation laws requires forces.
First symmetry loss creates the twelve hyperweak-force bosons. Next symmetry loss creates the eight strong-force gluons. Next symmetry loss creates the three weak-force intermediate vector bosons. These symmetry losses give bosons their masses.
unity
Particles can have inner electric field surrounded by region with particle creations and annihilations that decrease field. Inner electric field is stronger than electromagnetism and decreases by less than radius squared.
Particles can have inner strong or weak force field surrounded by region with particle creations and annihilations that increase field. Inner field is weaker than strong or weak force and decreases by more than radius.
Decrease of strong nuclear forces and increases of electric and weak forces can meet to unify all forces.
weak and strong forces
Rotation between weak and strong forces became constant when symmetry broke at an angle {Cabibbo angle}.
weak force and electromagnetism
Weinberg-angle coupling constant for isospin and electroweak hypercharge has value close to that predicted by grand unified theory.
Physical Sciences>Physics>Quantum Mechanics>Theory>Quantum Relativity>Theories>Field
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Date Modified: 2022.0224