For hadrons, exchange-transition scattering-amplitude sum equals direct-channel-transition scattering-amplitude sum {dual resonance theory}. Hadrons are zero-rest-mass-string quantum states. String ends move at light speed. Strings can break, rejoin, rotate, and oscillate. String tension is potential energy. Quarks are at string ends, so strings are one-dimensional gauge fields. Dual-resonance theory requires hadrons {pomeron} with no quarks. Dual-resonance theory predicts infinite hadrons, with heavier masses {Regge recurrences}. Dual-resonance theory predicts that maximum temperature is 10^12 K.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224