exclusion principle

Because bosons have integer spins, when previously independent identical-state bosons interchange, their wavefunctions stay the same as the other. Bosons have Bose-Einstein statistics. Therefore, interactions can bring two now-interdependent bosons to the same state. In a system, two bosons can be in the same state.

Because fermions have half-unit spins, when previously independent identical-state fermions interchange, their wavefunctions become the negative of the other. Fermions have Fermi-Dirac statistics. Therefore, no interaction can bring two now-interdependent fermions to the same state. In a system, no two fermions can be in the same state {exclusion principle} (Pauli exclusion principle).

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