Orbital shape can be double ellipsoidal along straight line {p orbital}, with one crossing point and one rotation axis. p orbital has two elongated lobes along line with one crossing in middle. Double-ellipsoidal orbit can orient in three spatial directions. If axis is along z-axis, aligned with spin, added angular momentum is 0. If axis is along x-axis or y-axis, perpendicular to spin, added angular momentum is -1 or +1. There can only be three kinds of double-ellipsoidal orbital, because one axis can have only three independent spatial orientations, which fill space. For same shell and same orbital angular momentum, all orientations are equally probable and have equal energy. All orientations add to make spherical orbital with zero net angular momentum.
Physical Sciences>Physics>Matter>Atom>Orbital>Kinds
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Date Modified: 2022.0224