Gravity and electric force can act between two objects over distance {force field}.
exchange
All forces transmit bosons. In all field interactions, two objects exchange bosons. Gravity exchanges graviton bosons. Electromagnetism exchanges photon bosons. Strong nuclear force exchanges gluon bosons. Weak nuclear force exchanges W-particle and Z-particle bosons.
field
All forces are metric gauge fields. Bosons form field around object. Field changes space curvature, from flat to curved. When two objects interact, they go through curved space and change motion accordingly, just as cars turn on banked curves. Acceleration involves boson exchange. Boson exchange and curved spaced have identical effects, because bosons curve space, and space-curvature acceleration releases bosons to interact.
mass and distance
Bosons with no mass, such as gravitons and photons, can exchange to infinite distances. Bosons with mass, such as gluons, W particles, and Z particles, have short action distances.
time
Particles exchanged by forces take time to act, based on force strength. Strong force takes 10^-23 seconds. Electric force takes 10^-21 seconds. Weak force takes 10^-18 seconds to 1000 seconds. Gravitational force takes much longer.
electromagnetism
Electrical force is interaction between two charges. Magnetic force is interaction between two relativistic charges.
weak force
Electric force is 1000 times stronger than weak force.
gravity
Gravitation and electromagnetism are similar, because interactions cause both forces and both forces radiate in all directions. Because masses are positive, gravitational force is attractive. Because charges are positive and negative, electromagnetic force is attractive or repulsive. Electric-force to gravitational-force ratio is 10^36. If gravity is stronger, universe is smaller, and stars are smaller and exist shorter. If gravity is weaker, universe is larger, and stars are larger and exist longer.
Physical Sciences>Physics>Dynamics>Force
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Date Modified: 2022.0224