Organic compounds {ester}| can have carbon-chain last carbon double-bonded to oxygen atom and single-bonded to alkoxyl group.
properties
Esters are colorless, smell good and sweet, are reactive, are polar, are not acidic, are not basic, are not oxidizable or reducible, and dissolve somewhat in water. Esters are liquid unless more than six carbons.
derivatives
A phosphate group {phosphate ester} can replace carboxylic-acid hydroxyl group. A sulfate group {sulfate ester} can replace carboxylic-acid hydroxyl group. Alkylbenzene-sulfonic-acid sodium salt detergent is sulfate ester. A sulfhydryl group {thioester} can replace carboxylic-acid hydroxyl group. Thioesters are more reactive than esters. Thioesters can ionize as thiolate ion to make weak base.
Carbon atom at carbon-chain end can have hydroxyl group and ether side chain {hemiacetal}. Carbon atom at carbon-chain end can have two ether side chains {acetal}.
Carbon atom in carbon-chain middle can have hydroxyl group and ether side chain {hemiketal}. Carbon atom in carbon-chain middle can have two ether side chains {ketal}.
Oxygen atom single-bonded to carbon atom {alkoxyl group}, -O-C, can attach to carbon atom.
Organic compounds {epoxy} {oxirane} can have a ring with two carbons and one oxygen.
Organic compounds {ether, chemical}| can have an oxygen atom single-bonded between two carbons: -C-O-C-. Ethers are colorless, have pungent and sweet odor, are slightly reactive, are non-polar, are not basic or acidic, and are oxidizable or reducible. Ethers can dissolve in water if small. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are flame-retardant chemicals.
Ether rings {dioxane} can have four carbons and two opposite-side oxygens, with no double bonds. Dioxane can dissolve in water.
Ether rings {oxazole} can have, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and two carbons.
Phenol can have carbon atom single-bonded to benzene {R group}, which is single-bonded to hydroxyl {phenyl}, -R-CH2-O-H [2 is subscript].
Aromatic compounds {furan} can have four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom in ring. Tetrahydrofuran can dissolve in water.
Aromatic compounds {pyran} can have five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom in ring.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225