Organic compounds {carboxylic acid}| can have terminal carbon atom double-bonded to oxygen atom and single-bonded to hydroxyl group.
properties
Carboxylic acids are colorless, have strong and bad odor, are reactive, are polar, are acidic, and are reducible to aldehydes. Carboxylic acids are liquids if they have less than twelve carbons.
types
Small carboxylic acids have one carbon {methanoic acid} {formic acid}, two carbons {ethanoic acid} {acetic acid}, three carbons {propanoic acid} {propionic acid}, four carbons {butanoic acid} {butyric acid}, five carbons {pentanoic acid} {valeric acid}, or six carbons {hexanoic acid} {caproic acid}.
types: saturated fatty acids
Larger carboxylic acids have twelve carbons {lauric acid}, fourteen carbons {myristic acid}, sixteen carbons {palmitic acid}, eighteen carbons {stearic acid}, or twenty carbons {arachidic acid}.
types: unsaturated fatty acids
Fatty acids can have double bonds in carbon chain. First double bond is at ninth carbon, second is at twelfth carbon, and third is at fifteenth carbon. Sixteen carbons can have one double bond {palmitoleic acid}. Eighteen carbons can have one double bond {oleic acid}. Eighteen carbons can have two double bonds {linoleic acid}. Eighteen carbons can have three double bonds {linolenic acid}. More double bonds increase fatty-acid liquidity.
derivatives
Carboxylic-acid derivatives substitute nucleophile for carboxylic-acid hydroxyl group. Nucleophile can be ether to make ester, amine to make amide, carboxylic acid to make anhydride, or halide to make acyl halide.
Physical Sciences>Chemistry>Organic>Chemical>Carboxylic Acid
5-Chemistry-Organic-Chemical-Carboxylic Acid
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Date Modified: 2022.0224