To make carboxylic-acid derivatives, nucleophile attaches to carboxyl carbon to make tetrahedral carbon {tetrahedral carbonyl addition compound}. Nucleophiles from strongest to least strong are hydroxyl, amine, alkoxyl, halide, and carboxyl. Acid catalyst can attack carboxyl double bond. Then old nucleophile leaves as carboxyl reforms.
Physical Sciences>Chemistry>Organic>Chemical Reaction
5-Chemistry-Organic-Chemical Reaction
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Date Modified: 2022.0224