Cell has 30,000 organelles {proteasome}| that are 100 times bigger than proteins, are tubes, and have proteases that fragment poorly folded or poorly working proteins. Cytoplasm free proteases split protein fragments into amino acids.
enzymes
E1 enzyme activates ubiquitin, which can bind to E2 enzyme, which can then bind to E3 enzyme. E3 enzyme has various possible F-box regions that recognize different protein-end regions. E2-E3 complex (SCF complex) can bind protein at F-box, attach ubiquitins to protein, and release.
proteasome
If several ubiquitins attach to protein, ubiquitin chain attaches to proteasome and activates enzymes that unfold protein and pull protein chain into proteasome tube.
Physical Sciences>Chemistry>Biochemistry>Protein
5-Chemistry-Biochemistry-Protein
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Date Modified: 2022.0224