Special enzymes {nuclease} can modify free-floating RNA. Nuclease adds methyl groups to nucleotides. Nucleases make other modified bases, such as inosine. In eukaryotes, nuclease adds adenines to mRNA 3' end to stabilize RNA and protect 3' end. In eukaryotes, nuclease adds nucleotides to mRNA to protect 5' end.
Endonuclease can split long RNA into functional pieces. For example, nuclease divides chain that contains all rRNA types into different ribosomal RNAs. Photolyase restores UV-induced dimers, using light.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224