Cholesterol is the fundamental structure in many hormones {steroid hormone}|.
biology
Steroids induce enzymes to increase glucose usage and start stress response. Sex steroids and glucocorticoid hormones have neuron receptors.
types
Ergosterol makes vitamin D.
Bile acids emulsify and absorb lipids in small intestine.
Male sex-hormone androgens include testosterone and androstenol. Female sex-hormone estrogens include estrone, estradiol, and progesterone.
Adrenocorticosteroids, such as corticosterone and aldosterone, control body water amount. Cortisone reduces inflammation.
Digitoxin affects heart rate.
Lipids {cholesterol}| can have quadruple aromatic carbon rings. Cholesterol is the fundamental structure in steroid hormones. Plants have no cholesterol, which is only in animals.
process
Acetate becomes acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA. Added water makes 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA, which reduces to mevalonate when CoA leaves. ATP adds three phosphates to alcohol oxygens to reduce mevalonate to activated isoprene isopentyl pyrophosphate. Isoprenes cyclically add to make squalene. Squalene epoxide makes cholesterol. Adding functional groups to ring carbons makes other steroids from cholesterol.
Lipids {sterol}| can have quadruple aromatic carbon rings. Plant sterols {phytosterol} include campesterol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol. Animal sterols {zoosterols} include cholesterol.
Lipids {stanol}| can be saturated sterols. Stanols can add fatty acids to make stanol esters.
5-Chemistry-Biochemistry-Lipid-Kinds
Outline of Knowledge Database Home Page
Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0225