Carbon transfers among many forms {carbon cycle, Earth}.
ocean
Rivers remove land sediments, and calcium carbonate enters sea. Carbonate buffers sea and is in equilibrium with carbon dioxide in air. Carbonates can becomes shells or skeletons. Eaten shells and skeletons later sink and dissolve. Carbonates can remain in sponges, algae, and coral reefs. Algae reefs began 2,000,000,000 years ago. Animal reefs began 600,000,000 years ago. Reefs collapsed 530,000,000; 350,000,000; 225,000,000; and 65,000,000 years ago.
organisms
Autotroph organisms get carbon from carbon dioxide. Heterotroph organisms get carbon from glucose.
cells
Photosynthetic cells convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose. Cells break down glucose to carbon dioxide and water for energy.
carbon
Carbon atoms can bond to carbon atoms and other non-metals, with single and multiple bonds, to make rings, chains, and branching chains. Many polarities and charge structures are possible. Carbon covalent bonding provides stability, alterability, and variety in organic molecules.
Physical Sciences>Chemistry>Biochemistry>Chemical Cycle
5-Chemistry-Biochemistry-Chemical Cycle
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Date Modified: 2022.0224