Sense receptor stimulation can send signal to spinal cord and then to muscle or gland, resulting in involuntary action {reflex, nerve}|. Stimulus can cause innate, immediate response in muscle or gland. Reflex has only one synapse between muscle or tendon touch receptor and motor neurons to muscle. Brain, body, local excitability, and previous reflex responses can affect reflexes.
types
Stretch reflexes relate to muscle tension, posture, and locomotion. Flexion reflexes follow painful skin stimuli. Reflexes {suprasegmental reflex} can be for one vertebra only {segmental reflex} or for all vertebrae above vertebra. Reflexes {intrasegmental reflex} can involve only one spinal segment. Reflexes {intersegmental reflex} can involve several spinal segments. Reflexes can involve spinal cord, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. Cerebellum and midbrain automatically control muscle movements {synergy, reflex}. Striatum controls muscles automatically and by association. Neocortex exerts voluntary and regulatory control {state variable}.
Biological Sciences>Zoology>Organ>Nerve>Reflex
Outline of Knowledge Database Home Page
Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0224