Enzymes {tyrosine hydroxylase} (TH) can be rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis. Increased neuronal firing increases catecholamine-pathway enzyme synthesis in perikarya. Axons transport enzymes to axon terminals. Catecholamine pathway requires pteridine, iron, and oxygen and converts tyrosine to L-DOPA. Dopamine and norepinephrine inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase by feedback inhibition. Stressful stimuli increase TH. Acetylcholine phosphorylates TH using cyclic AMP.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224