topographic map in brain

Brain has two-dimensional neuron arrays {topographical mapping} {topographic map, brain}| for analysis [DeYoe et al., 1996] [Dow, 2002] [Hübener et al., 1997] [Horton and Hoyt, 1991] [Swindale, 2000] [Tootell et al., 1998] [Van Essen et al., 2001].

locations

Vision has topographic maps in retina, lateral geniculate nuclei, area V1, and area V2, for analyzing color, movement, disparity, orientation, size, and spatial periodicity. Audition has at least six topographic maps in primary auditory cortex and surrounding cortex, for analyzing tones and locations. Touch has at least four topographic maps in somatosensory cortex and surrounding cortex, for analyzing surface texture and shape. Proprioception has at least four topographic maps, for analyzing muscle stretching, compressing, and twisting.

Motor control also uses at least four topographical maps.

Sense and motor maps align and connect. Brain maps in different brain areas are not homogeneous and not isotropic.

layers

Maps can have neuron layers.

processing

Neurons that process signals from neighboring positions or times are near each other.

processing: number

Neuron number is proportional to processing amount. In touch maps, hand has more neurons and larger area than back. In retinotopic maps, fovea has more neurons and larger area than whole surround.

processing: inhibition

Connections within map are mostly inhibitory. Lateral inhibition enhances contrast and suppresses noise.

Topographic maps with diffuse connections and large receptive fields are beside maps with specific connections and small receptive fields, so map sets work at different spatial and temporal scales.

processing: filling-in

Maps can extrapolate and interpolate.

processing: space

Coordination among two-dimensional topological maps allows two-and-a-half-dimensional and three-dimensional representations.

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Technical Information

Date Modified: 2022.0224