Fiber bridge {pons}| from hindbrain side to opposite cerebellum side holds major nerve tracts connecting cerebellum and cortex, in both directions, and connects thalamus to olive. Cerebral cortex motor regions influence pons. Pons controls heart, lungs, eye movements, muscle tone, walking, and running. It mediates protective and orientation reflexes.
A pons region {locus coeruleus}| can receive feedback from sense cortex and send to spinal cord, hypothalamus, tractus solitarius nucleus, sensory cerebral cortex, and cerebellum Purkinje cells [Foote and Morrison, 1987] [Foote et al., 1980] [Hobson, 1999]. Locus coeruleus contains few thousand neurons and is largest noradrenaline nucleus.
transmitters
Locus-coeruleus neurons contain neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin peptide transmitters.
functions
Locus coeruleus suppresses tonic vegetative regions. It regulates attention, pleasure, energy, motivation, and arousal. It causes deep sleep. REM sleep, cataplexy, grooming, and feeding depress it. Interruptions and multimodal somatosensory stimuli, including pain, excite it. Locus-coeruleus electrical stimulation causes fear and anxiety.
A pons region {pneumotaxic center} receives from nerves that sense alveoli stretching and inhibits breathing.
A pons regions {tegmentum} can include reticular formation and be for attention.
4-Zoology-Organ-Nerve-Brain-Brainstem-Hindbrain
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Date Modified: 2022.0225