Immune system has rapid generalized responses {sickness response}| {acute phase response}.
purpose
Sickness response creates or saves energy.
process
Stress causes hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal gland, and sympathetic nervous system to release hormones and transmitters, which bind to immune-cell receptors and regulate immunity. Activated immune cells release pro-inflammatory cytokines that affect neurons and glia, which coordinate hormone, behavior, and physiological changes related to fever. Physiological changes are fever, blood-ion-concentration reduction, increased white-blood-cell replication, and increased sleep. Blood-ion-concentration reduction denies minerals required by replicating bacteria and viruses. Behavior changes decrease social interaction, exploration, sexual activity, and food and water intake. Hormone changes increase hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal, and sympathetic-nervous-system hormone release.
fever
Fever raises body temperature, so bacteria and viruses do not replicate rapidly, bacteria do not form protective outer coats, white blood cells replicate rapidly, and destructive enzymes function efficiently.
slow response
Immune system has slow selective response, which makes antibodies [Maier et al., 1994] [Maier and Watkins, 1998] [Maier and Watkins, 2000].
glia
Glia can act like immune cells.
Biological Sciences>Zoology>Organ>Immune System>Immunity Types
4-Zoology-Organ-Immune System-Immunity Types
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Date Modified: 2022.0224