Vitamins {fat-soluble vitamin}| can be in fat. Fat-soluble vitamin slowly deplete from body.
Organic molecules {beta-carotene} can be in carrots and sweet potatoes. Sweet potatoes {batata} are in Caribbean.
Organic molecules {vitamin A} {retinol} can be in rod-cell rhodopsin protein and mucus and bone chondroitin sulfate. Vitamin A builds keratin and steroids. Adrenal cells and sex cells need it. Vitamin A is for growth, skin, mucus, teeth, infection resistance, night vision, eyes, and lungs. Low vitamin A causes easy infection, appetite loss from less saliva, and hair loss. Vitamin A comes from liver, dairy products, egg yolk, sweet potatoes, and dark green and yellow vegetables.
Organic molecules {vitamin D} {calciferol} can maintain blood calcium and phosphate.
purpose
Vitamin D is for bone and teeth mineralization, together with parathormone. Vitamin D causes intestine and bone calcium release and kidney phosphate absorption.
forms
Vitamin D has two forms. Sunshine ultraviolet-B light can make Vitamin D3 [3 is subscript], which special skin cells {keratinocyte} can convert to 7-dehydrocholesterol. Plants can make Vitamin D2 [2 is subscript], which liver can convert to 25-hydroxyvitamin D, which kidney converts to 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D. In cell nucleus, 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D attaches to vitamin-D receptor (VDR) protein, which works with retinoid-x receptor (RXR) protein to make complexes that bind to DNA-response elements for more than 1000 genes.
deficiency
Low vitamin D causes weak bones and rickets or cause bad bones {osteomalacia}.
sources
Vitamin D comes from cod, tuna, salmon, mackerel, sardines, shitake mushroom, egg yolk, and vitamin-D milk. Sunlight on skin makes vitamin D from precursor.
Organic molecules {vitamin E} {tocopherol} can be anti-oxidants. Vitamin E prevents free-radical formation from peroxides. It is for polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin A, and vitamin K metabolism. It is for reproduction. Low vitamin E causes problems with cell structures, breaks red blood cells, causes lipofuscin in other cells, and causes sterility. Vitamin E comes from nuts, plant oils, dried beans, eggs, and brown rice.
Linoleic acid fatty acid {vitamin F} is in membranes and builds prostaglandins.
Organic molecules {vitamin K} {menadione} in liver and blood can aid coagulation and build prothrombin and clotting factors VII, IX, and X. Intestine bacteria make vitamin K. Vitamin K comes from tomato, green vegetables, and plant oils.
4-Nutrition-Nutrient-Vitamin-Fat-Soluble
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Date Modified: 2022.0225