Bacteria exchange chemical signals {autoinducer} (AI-1), using special receptors, to determine bacteria density by quorum sensing. Autoinducers help make biofilms, make spores, regulate reproduction, release toxin, and emit light. Autoinducers can exchange boron sugars {autoinducer two} (AI-2) with other species. Gram-negative bacteria use signals {acylated homoserine lactone} (ACL). Gram-positive bacteria use peptide signals.
Bacteria exchange chemical-signal autoinducers, using special receptors, to determine bacteria density {quorum sensing}. If density passes threshold, bacteria make virulence-factor proteins that harm hosts. Bacteria can then make biofilms.
If bacteria density passes threshold, bacteria make proteins {virulence factor} that harm hosts.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225