Prokaryotes {archaebacteria} {extremophile} (Archaea) can live in deep sea at high pressure and heat.
Earliest archaebacteria {Korarchaeota} evolved into Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota.
Nanoarchaeum equitans {nanoarchae} {Nanoarchaeota} has 500,000-base DNA, has smaller cells than mycoplasmas, and lives in high temperature, and no oxygen. Perhaps, it is symbiotic or parasitic.
Later archaebacteria {Crenarchaeota} evolved from Korarchaeota. The oldest Crenarchaeota are Thermoproteales, then Sulfolobales, then Desulfurococcales, then Crenarchaeales, and then Caldisphaerales.
Thermophiles {sulfolobus} can metabolize sulfur.
Later archaebacteria {Euryarchaeota} evolved from Korarchaeota. The oldest Euryarchaeota are Thermoplasmatales, then Thermococcales, then Methanopyrales, then Methanosarcinales, then Methanomicrobiales, then Mathanococcales, then Methanobacteriales, then Halobacteriales, and then Archaeoglobi. Euryarchaeota include thermophiles.
Archaebacteria {haloferax} can metabolize halogens and iron.
Archaebacteria {halophile} can metabolize halogens.
Archaebacteria {methanogen}| can produce and use methane, live in oxygen-free environments, have unusual cell walls, have unusual lipids, and have different RNA nucleotides. They can be spheres or rods and are half of all Archaea.
Archaebacteria {methanobacterium} {methanococcus} can use methane.
Methanogens use hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide or acetate, phosphorus, and nitrogen. They make methane.
methane
With no oxygen, methane does not break down quickly. With no oxygen, ammonia breaks down by ultraviolet light. If methane concentration is higher than carbon dioxide, methane molecules polymerize.
carbon dioxide
With no oxygen, carbon dioxide and iron react to make iron-carbonate siderite. Early-Earth air carbon dioxide was less than eight times current concentration, because rocks do not have siderite.
Very small bacteria-like cells {mycoplasm}| can cause disease, such as mycoplasmic pneumonia. Archaebacteria include the mycoplasm Thermoplasma.
Euryarchaeota include one-celled organisms {hyperthermophilic bacteria} {thermophile}| {thermoacidophile} that live in 180-C ocean vents and use halogens, methane, and/or iron. Thermophiles {archaeoglobus} {aquifex} can grow at 95 C.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225