People can have involuntary tremors in resting arms and legs, stiffness in movements, akinesia, and bradykinesia {Parkinsonism} {Parkinson's disease} {shaking palsy} {idiopathic paralysis agitans} {hypokinesia}. Posture, mood, and activity changes can have no pain, little sensation loss, and little consciousness loss. Eye movements can be small or slow. Untreated Parkinsonism leads to crouching and immobility.
cause
Metal poisoning, oxygen deficiency, strokes, infections, and drug overdoses can cause Parkinsonism. Substantia-nigra dopamine neurons degenerate. Dopaminergic-neuron degeneration causes slow movements. Parkinsonism involves alpha-synuclein, which makes amyloid plaques {Lewy body} in brain cells.
Basal-ganglia damage disrupts unconscious motor plans, and perceptions cannot guide actions. Because perceptions and motor actions are not conscious, consciousness cannot use other behaviors to compensate.
treatment
Dopamine and L-DOPA treat Parkinson's disease.
incidence
One to 1.5 million people in USA have Parkinson's disease.
factors: age
Parkinsonism is a late-middle or old-age degenerative disease.
factors: genetics
Parkinsonism is not hereditary.
drugs
Reserpine causes motionless, humped back, splayfooted posture, and coarse, whole body tremor, which resembles Parkinson's disease.
Biological Sciences>Medicine>Disease>Kinds>Organ>Nerve>Muscle
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Date Modified: 2022.0224