Iodine lack lowers growth and energy levels and enlarges thyroid gland {goiter}|.
Tissues can have too much iron {hemosiderosis}.
If carbohydrate level is too low, ketones {ketone bodies} can accumulate {ketosis}|, as body stops using them for energy. Ketosis depletes cell electrolytes, blood pH rises, tissues lose water, blood loses water, blood pressure goes down, breath has acetone smell, and people feel nauseous and have mild depression.
People can have protein deficiency {kwashiorkor}| {marasmus}.
More than one-sixth of people are overweight {obesity}|. For women, normal height and weight are 1.5 meter = 45 to 54 kilograms, 1.6 meter = 51 to 60 kilograms, 1.7 meter = 57 to 66 kilograms, and 1.8 meter = 64 to 75 kilograms. Animals regulate food intake to maintain weight. Animals have higher weight if food tastes good. Animals on low-calorie diets eat more.
Bone diseases {osteoporosis}| can involve calcium and protein loss.
Father chromosome-15 gene makes people want to keep eating {Prader-Willi syndrome}.
Teeth and bones can have low calcium and phosphorus {rickets}|. Low vitamin D causes soft bones.
If food intake is not enough {starvation}|, body uses first glycogen, then fat, and then protein. In ketosis, blood pH can go below 7.4 in acidosis, resulting in rapid breathing.
Low calcium can increase nerve and muscle irritability {tetany}|.
Mother chromosome-15 gene {thinness gene}, near Angelman-syndrome gene, makes thin people.
People can have vitamin deficiency {avitaminosis}.
Thiamine deficiency causes nerve damage, cardiovascular damage, and edema {beriberi}|.
Niacin deficiency causes skin lesions, indigestion, and nerve problems {pellagra}|.
Vitamin-B12 malabsorption causes indigestion, spinal-cord lesions, and large red blood cells {pernicious anemia}|.
Vitamin-C deficiency can cause weakness and skin and gum bleeding {scurvy}|.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225