To regulate gene expression, cell or virus mechanisms can add methyl groups {DNA methylation} {methylation} to cytosines preceding guanines {CG pair}.
virus
Virus can methylate host genes to inactivate them.
cancer
Cancer genes often have demethylated cytosines in promoters.
drugs
Valproic acid tranquilizer and decitabine chemotherapy agent remove methyl groups from DNA or prevent methylation. Procaine affects DNA methylation.
purposes
Researchers methylate nucleotides to prevent cutting by restriction enzymes. Promoter methylation can suppress gene expression.
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Date Modified: 2022.0224