Immediate-early genes {cFos gene} can make proteins that are neuronal activation markers.
Trimer proteins {clathrin triskelion} {clathrin gene} can have tetrahedron shapes at corners of presynaptic-nerve-ending icosahedral neurotransmitter-release structures.
Genes {Dscam gene} can guide axon growth.
Genes {Eph gene} can build brain topographic maps.
Notch, split enhancer, big brain, mastermind, and neuralized genes {neurogenic gene} can make cell-adhesion, signal-transduction, membrane-channel, and transcription-factor cell-to-cell signal proteins, to develop cells and inhibit nearby cells.
After making neurons, genes {neurotrophic gene} can code for secreted proteins {neurotrophic factor} that keep neurons alive, differentiate neurons, and make neurotransmitters, such as nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), CNTF, and NT-3. Other genes code for neurotrophic-factor receptor proteins.
After head and tail develop, daughterless and achaete-scute genes {proneural gene} can code for helix-loop-helix transcription factors that make neural precursor cells to start brain development. da enhances achaete-scute, and emc inhibits it.
Vertebrate genes {reelin gene} can affect axon branching and synapse creation.
Genes {Robo gene} can affect axon travel between hemispheres.
Cut and other genes {selector gene} can code for homeobox transcription factors that make neuron types.
Chromosome-7 genes {Forkhead box P2 gene} {FOXP2 gene} can have a mutation [-100000] associated with speech and language problems. Neanderthals also have this allele.
Fruitfly genes {Fru gene} can affect courtship rituals.
Amygdala proteins {stathmin} can affect fear.
Genes {ASPM gene} can help control brain size.
Genes {MCPH1 gene} can help control brain size.
Genes {CDK5RAP2 gene} can help control brain size.
Genes {CENPJ gene} can help control brain size.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225