Vertebrate cells can have membrane protuberances {cilia}| {cilium} one-hundredth to one-thousandth cell diameter. At cilia bases, bodies {basal body} have nine tubules and duplicate at cell division.
Primary cilia have nine outer filaments and no central filaments. Most vertebrate cells have one primary cilium, and it does not move. Primary cilia receive signals, relay signals to cell body along tubules {intraflagellar transport}, and affect development and wound-healing. Sonic hedgehog protein binds to primary cilia and releases signal proteins that travel to nucleus. Leptin binds to hypothalamus-neuron primary cilia. Wnt binds to primary cilia to orient developing-tissue cells.
Motile cilia have nine outer filaments and two central filaments. Cells can have many or no motile cilia. Central filaments allow wave-like motion. Coordinated waves can establish clockwise or counterclockwise motion and so designate right from left, as needed to place and structure body tissues and organs.
Eye and nose receptors have modified cilia that contain receptive chemicals.
flagellum
Cilia and flagella have same organization.
Biological Sciences>Cell>Movement
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Date Modified: 2022.0224