Vascular plant parts {leaf}| can originate from stems at buds. Dicot leaves have petiole and blade with veins. Monocot leaves have central veins.
Leaves change color in autumn, as chlorophyll decomposes and cell sap makes red and purple pigments {anthocyanin, leaf}. Carotenoids make leaves yellow and orange.
Leaves originate from stems at plant structures {bud}|. Buds can be at stem ends {terminal bud} or on stem sides {lateral bud}.
Between upper and lower epidermis, leaf middle layers {mesophyll} have chloroplasts.
Layers near upper epidermis can have special cells {palisade cell, leaf}.
Dicot flower bunches have small flower stalks {pedicel}.
For gas diffusion, leaf openings {stomata}| alter surrounding-cell turgor pressure, to open by day and close at night.
Dicot leaves have stalks {petiole} and blades.
Dicot leaves have flat parts {blade}|, with forked vascular bundles {vein, leaf}.
Leaves fall after cell layers {abscission layer} cover petiole bottoms.
After abscission layers cover petiole bottoms, cork {scar}| covers layers.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225