Crops {crop} are typically grasses. Rye, oats, turnips, radish, beets, leeks, and lettuce started as weeds.
grass {alfalfa}.
tobacco {burley}.
Ancient cabbage {cabbage} became cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, and broccoli.
Seeds make chocolate, cocoa, and cocoa butter {cacao, chocolate}.
Plants {cotton} (Malvaceae) can have seeds surrounded by soft white fibers.
Plants {cover crop} that hold soil and retain water can cover farmland.
Fiber plants {fiber, plants} include flax in Mesopotamia. Flax seeds have linseed oil. Hemp is in China. Cotton is in Mesoamerica, Andes, Sahel, and India. Yucca is in Mesoamerica. Agave is in Mesoamerica.
Hay and cereals are food {fodder} for farm animals.
peanut {goober}.
Tall plants {hemp} can make fibers.
Cabbages {kale, plant} can have loose leaves.
Melons {melon} include muskmelon in Mesopotamia; squash in Mesoamerica, Andes, Amazon, and east USA [-2000]; watermelon in Sahel; bottle gourd in Sahel; and cucumber in India.
hay or straw stack {rick}.
Plant leaves can make fibers {sisal}.
Pods can have acidic pulp {tamarind}.
Cereals {cereal crop} {grain crop} {crop, grass} are grasses.
wheat
Emmer wheat was in Mesopotamia. Einkorn wheat was in Mesopotamia. Wheat was in Mesopotamia.
barley
Barley was in Mesopotamia. Little barley was in east USA [-500].
rice
African rice was in Sahel. Rice was in China.
millet
Pearl millet was in Sahel. Foxtail millet was in China. Broomcorn millet was in China. Finger millet was in Ethiopia.
corn
Corn was in Mesoamerica. Corn and wheat have phytate, which binds iron and calcium. Corn has low niacin. Different corn strains lack an essential amino acid.
other
Cereals include sorghum in Sahel, teff in Ethiopia, maygrass in east USA [-500], knotweed in east USA [-500], sumpweed in east USA [-2000], goosefoot in east USA [-2000], sunflower in east USA [-2000], and sugar cane in New Guinea. Sumpweed relates to daisy. Goosefoot relates to spinach.
seed
Quinoa from Andes mountains is not cereal, It has seeds with all eight essential amino acids.
Mills can grind cereal grains {grist}.
hulled and crushed oats {groats}.
Workers bundle and tie cut grain stalks {sheaves}.
Water grass makes brown seeds {wild rice}.
Roots {cassava, root crop} can make tapioca.
Root vegetables {root vegetable} include jicama in Mesoamerica, manioc or cassava in Andes and Amazon, sweet potato in Andes and Amazon, potato in Andes and Amazon, oca in Andes and Amazon, African yam in Sahel, Jerusalem artichoke in east USA, yam in New Guinea, and taro in New Guinea.
Starchy roots {taro} (Araceae) can be edible.
Crops {forage, crop}| can feed ruminants. They are typically herbaceous perennials that are dormant in cold, hot, or dry seasons. Forage crops can be annuals, such as Sudan grass, millet, corn, sorghum, and other legumes and grasses. Ruminants can digest forage cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Forage crops occupy five times more land than human grain crops.
Forage can be fresh and chopped {green chop}.
Forage can be dry {hay}|.
Forage can be dry silage {haylage}.
Forage can be finely chopped and stored in silos to ferment {silage}|.
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Description of Outline of Knowledge Database
Date Modified: 2022.0225