He lived 1822 to 1884 and developed Mendel's inheritance laws by studying dominant and recessive characteristics of pea-plant independent and discrete heredity units.
He lived 1822 to 1911 and studied human mental-property and physical-property genetics. He collected and classified fingerprints {fingerprinting}. He studied human individual differences, using imagery, psychological questionnaires, twin life histories, and family and talented-people educational backgrounds. He developed the correlation coefficient. He participated in scientific exploration to unexplored Africa.
He discovered air pressure systems and invented weather maps [1875]. He invented a polyhedron {Galton's Polyhedron} of possible structural forms to which organisms can jump. More intellectually gifted people have less vivid imagery [1883].
He lived 1843 to 1905 and studied mitosis [1870], meiosis, and chromatin role [1879].
He lived 1833 to 1914. Specialized cells carry genetic information {germ line} {germ plasm theory} [1883]. Selection can operate at levels below and above organisms.
He lived 1848 to 1935, studied evening-primrose mutations [1900], and developed inheritance laws based on cell factors {pangenesis, de Vries} [1889]. Plants can jump from form to form, unconstrained by structures. Phylogenesis results from species selection.
He lived 1861 to 1926 and invented the word genetics for heredity study. Genes carry genetic information and are in chromosomes. New species come from repeated-body-segment structure and number changes. Such modifications can lead to similarity with existing part {homeosis, Bateson}. Parts can have jumps. For example, upper thoracic vertebrae can have no ribs or lower cervical vertebrae can have ribs.
He lived 1863 to 1924 and studied crossing-over.
He lived 1866 to 1945, studied gene linkage, and invented linkage maps, using fruit flies [1909 to 1915]. Genes are in chromosomes.
He lived 1857 to 1936 and studied genetics [1909].
He lived 1890 to 1962. He developed statistical-significance methods {analysis of variance, Fisher} and Fisher experiment-design theory [1920]. Mendelian inheritance in large populations with great variety can result in gradual evolution, but blending inheritance does not work. Variation frequency varies inversely with variation magnitude. Natural selection can increase allele frequency.
He lived 1890 to 1967. X-rays mutate fruitfly cells [1926]. Many mutations cause cancer [1951].
He lived 1878 to 1958 and studied gypsy moths. Genes {rate gene} can control rates and regulate other genes.
He lived 1903 to 1989. One gene makes one protein [1941].
He lived 1909 to 1975. One gene makes one protein.
He lived 1877 to 1955. DNA transfers from cell to cell in chromosomes. DNA contains gene information to transform cells. He studied pneumococcus deadly S strain, with smooth surface, and mild R strain, with rough surface.
He lived 1902 to 1984. DNA transfers from cell to cell in chromosomes. DNA contains information to transform cells.
She lived 1902 to 1992 and studied corn transposable elements {jumping gene, McClintock} [1951].
She lived 1920 to 1958 and performed x-ray crystallography of DNA indicating it was double helix [1953].
He lived 1928 to ? and calculated that DNA was double helix [1953].
He lived 1916 to 2004 and calculated that DNA was double helix [1953]. Perhaps, consciousness depends on thalamus and cortex layers 4 and 6 [1994].
He lived 1910 to 1976 and studied DNA repression and expression in Lac operon [1961].
He lived 1927 to ? and found DNA and RNA triplet code [1962].
He lived 1932 to ?, cloned foreign genes, and expressed repressed genes in mice [1974].
Genes rearrange themselves in early infancy [1978]. Antibody genes can join joining gene by deleting DNA between them. Joining genes join to trunk genes, which determine mobility level. Joined genes determine antigen.
He lived 1927 to ? and helped determine worm and human genetic codes [1982].
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They invented gene knockouts in mice [1990].
He organized scientists to sequence a free-living organism [1995] and the human genome [2001]. Haemophilus influenzae bacterium has 1000 genes with 1,800,000 bp.
They organized scientists to sequence C. elegans animal genome [1998].
They organized scientists to sequence mouse genome.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225