He lived 1779 to 1848 and discovered proteins [1838] and studied ions and atomic and molecular weights. He invented old chemical symbols [1811] and atomic-weight table [1826].
He lived 1764 to 1833 and discovered enzymes. Wheat gluten enzyme converts starch to sugar and dextrin [1812].
He lived 1800 to 1882 and synthesized urea from ammonium cyanate [1828], the first artificial organic-chemical synthesis.
He lived 1803 to 1873 and described enzyme action chemically {law of the minimum}. He observed that plants use nitrogen and carbon dioxide from air. He invented nitrogen fertilizer. He invented {Liebig condenser}. He silvered mirrors [1835]. He invented beef extract [1865].
He lived 1875 to 1940 and studied enzyme kinetics and analyzed enzyme-substrate complexes as chemical equilibria.
She lived 1879 to 1960 and studied enzyme kinetics and analyzed enzyme-substrate complexes as chemical equilibria.
He lived 1897 to 1985 and studied anaerobic photosynthesis [1931].
He lived 1900 to 1981 and studied tricarboxylic carbohydrate cycle [1937].
He lived 1912 to 1991 and studied enzymes [1938 to 1965].
He lived 1918 to ? and synthesized DNA molecules using DNA polymerase I [1955 to 1958].
Brenner lived 1927 to ?. Meselson lived 1930 to ?. Jacob lived 1920 to ?.
She lived 1910 to 1994 and determined insulin structure.
He lived 1922 to ? and synthesized yeast gene [1960].
He lived 1929 to ?.
TP53 gene kills cell if cell has broken DNA or has low oxygen, by making p53 protein [1979].
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They found ribozyme RNA that can act as enzymes to cut other RNA [1982]. RNA was first molecule able to replicate, because RNA can be catalyst. DNA bases and sugars came from RNA bases and sugars. For example, thymine can come from uracil. RNA works with ribosomal proteins, amino acids, and many enzymes.
He studied RNA viruses [1985].
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Date Modified: 2022.0225